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Required Reading
R.E. Walpole, R.H. Myers, S.L.
Myers, and K. Ye. (2012).
Probability & Statistics for
Engineers and Scientists. 9th Ed.
Prentice Hall: New Jersey. Chapter
10.110.3.
Topics
Statistic Hypotheses: General
Concepts
Testing a Statistical Hypothesis
The Use of P-Values for Decision
Making in Testing Hypotheses
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis statements (i.e. Null Hypothesis
vs. Alternative Hypothesis) either about
parameters of one or more populations.
The Null Hypothesis is denoted as H0, which
refers to any hypothesis we wish to test.
The Alternative Hypothesis is denoted as
H1 .
The objective is to reject or fail to reject the
null hypothesis statement.
The rejection of the null hypothesis leads to
the acceptance of an alternative hypothesis.
Hypothesis Testing
A procedure leading to a decision about a
particular hypothesis.
Hypothesis-testing procedures rely on using
the information in a random sample from the
population of interest.
If this information is consistent with the
hypothesis, then we will conclude that the
hypothesis is true.
If this information is inconsistent with the
hypothesis, we will conclude that the
hypothesis is false.
Types of Error
Type I Error
Occurs when H0 is rejected when it is true.
Its probability is denoted as .
Type II Error
Occurs when H0 is not rejected when it is false.
Its probability is denoted as .
Hypothesis Testing
Two-sided Hypothesis
H 0 : 50cm/s
H1 : 50cm/s
One-sided Hypothesis
H
0 : 50cm/s
H1 : 50cm/s
H 0 : 50cm/s
H1 : 50cm/s
Important Properties of a
Test of Hypothesis
1.Th
Definition 10.4
Significance Testing
(P-Value Approach)
State null and alternative hypotheses.
Choose an appropriate test statistic.
Compute the P-value based on the
computed value of the test statistic.
Use judgment based on the P-value
and knowledge of the scientific
system.