Farmakologi Sosial

NI PUTU EKA LELIQIA, S.FARM., M.SI., APT.

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

PHARMACOLOGY
The science that essentially
deals with the origin, nature,
chemistry, effects, and uses
of DRUGS

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

DRUGS
chemical compound of synteticc, semisintetic, natural
or biological origin which INTERACTS with human or
animal cells. The interaction may be quatified, where
by these resulting action are intended to prevent, to
cure, to reduce ill effects in the human or animal
body or to detect desease causing manifestations

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacologic
Principles
DRUG

PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacognosy
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmaceutics
The study of how various drug forms influence
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacokinetics
The study of what
the body does to
the drug:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacodynamics

The study of what the drug does to the

body
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacotherapeutics

The use of drugs and the clinical indications

for drugs to prevent and treat diseases
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacognosy

The study of natural (plant and animal) drug

sources
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Absorption
Penyerapan/ masuknya obat dari
tempat pemberian ke jaringan target,
meliputi transformasinya dari bentuk
saat diberikan (a dosage form)
menjadi bentuk yang dapat
digunakan scr biologi (a biologically
usable form)
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Factors That Affect

Absorption
Administration route of the drug
Food or fluids administered with the drug
Dosage formulation
Status of the absorptive surface
Rate of blood flow to the small intestine
Acidity of the stomach
Status of GI motility
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Administration route of the

drug

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Dosage formulation
Oral Preparations
Liquids, syrups

Fastest

Suspension solutions
Powders
Capsules
Tablets
Coated tablets
Enteric-coated tablets

Slowest
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Distribution
The transport of a drug in the body by the
bloodstream to its site of action.
Protein-binding
Water soluble vs. fat soluble
Blood-brain barrier
Areas of rapid distribution: heart, liver,
kidneys, brain
Areas of slow distribution: muscle, skin, fat

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Metabolism /
Biotransformation
The biologic
transformation of a
drug into
an inactive
metabolite, a more
soluble compound,
or a more potent
metabolite.
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Excretion
The elimination of
drugs from the
body
Kidneys (main organ)
Biliary excretion

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacodynamics
Drug-Receptor Interactions
Binding
Dose-Response
Effect
Signal Transduction
Mechanism of action, Pathways
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Receptor interaction

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Signal
Transduction
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Pharmacodynamics
Onset
The time it takes for the drug to elicit a
therapeutic response

Peak
The time it takes for a drug to reach its
maximum therapeutic response

Duration
The time a drug concentration is sufficient to
elicit a therapeutic response
Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Copyright 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.