BLACK START

Zujajah Masud
U.E.T Lahore

INTRODUCTION

Restoration of an electric power station or a part of an electric grid to operation

without relying on the external transmission network

To recover from a total or partial shutdown of the transmission system which

has caused an extensive loss of supplies

To provide a black start, some power stations have small diesel generators,
normally called the black start diesel generator (BSDG)

EPQL PLANT OVERVIEW

1+1+1 combined cycle configuration

produces approximately 217.3 MW utilizing Permeate Gas as primary fuel

whereas HSD is available as backup fuel.

one frame 9E gas turbine of 112 MW

one steam turbine of 110 MW

auxiliary firing is employed in HRSG.

BLACK START SOURCE

Two black start diesel generators, each of 1.5 MW
One emergency diesel generator of 800 kW
BSDGs will be used to start up gas turbine
Start up of steam turbine during black start uneconomical
Steam turbines require station service power of up to 10% of their capacity for
boiler feed water pumps, boiler forced-draft combustion air blowers, and for
fuel preparation

START-UP SEQUENCE

Emergency DEG is
started and power is
supplied to GT MCC

START-UP SEQUENCE

Black start DEGs are

started and power is
supplied to 11 kV bus
bar-A

415 V bus bar-I and

III are energized
respectively

START-UP SEQUENCE
Load during start up

industry water pump

BMS cooling fan
air compressor
product water pump
GT cooling water pump
GT close circle water pump
LP feed water pump
GT HSD pump
415 Bus
bar
Feeders 1
and 3

75 kW
9 kW
75 kW
18.5 kW
37 kW
kW
30 kW
37 kW

START-UP SEQUENCE

GT start motor is started

Inrush current 5 to 6 times

of rated value

Inrush current is limited

by soft starter

START-UP SEQUENCE
Peak value of current:
194 A
Load of GT start motor
during inrush current
period is 2.122 MW

START-UP SEQUENCE
Load during inrush current period
GT start motor(inrush current period)
industry water pump
BMS cooling fan
air compressor
product water pump
GT cooling water pump
GT close circle water pump
LP feed water pump
GT HSD pump
415
Bus bar
Feeders
1 and 3

2112 kW
75 kW
9 kW
75 kW
18.5 kW
37 kW
kW
30 kW
37 kW

START-UP SEQUENCE
Load after GT start motor has started
GT start motor
industry water pump
BMS cooling fan
air compressor
product water pump
GT cooling water pump
GT close circle water pump
LP feed water pump
GT HSD pump
415
Bus bar
Feeders
1 and 3

1000 kW
75 kW
9 kW
75 kW
18.5 kW
37 kW
kW
30 kW
37 kW

GT start motor isSEQUENCE

START-UP

stopped after GT
speed reaches 60%

When GT reaches
FSNL, insulation
switch J1Q30 is
closed manually and
GT GCB J1Q1 is
closed via MKVI

When GT
generator voltage
increases to rated
value,
Isochronus
target is selected
in MKVI and
main transformer
T-1 HV isolator
and breaker are
closed

START-UP SEQUENCE

Main transformerSEQUENCE
START-UP

T-2 HV isolator and

breaker are closed

Auxiliary
transformer TR-12
is energized

START-UP
SEQUENCE
Auxiliary

transformer
TR-12 LV
breaker is closed
to energize 11 kV
bus bar-B

Energize 415 V bus barII and IV respectively

START-UP
SEQUENCE
Energize 415 V bus bar-I

Change over load from

11 kV bus bar-A to bus
bar-B

Black start DEG is

stopped

11 kV bus bar-A
inlet switch is
closed and 11 kV
bus bar quick
change over system
operates

START-UP SEQUENCE

Change over load

from 415 V bus
bar-V to bus barIII

Emergency DEG
is stopped

START-UP SEQUENCE

Isolators D1Q31
and D1Q32 are
closed and outlet
breaker D1Q3 are
closed

START-UP SEQUENCE

GT is shut down

Plant is restarted
normally

MAXIMUM LOAD ON BSDG

Maximum load is on black start DEG when GT start motor draws in
rush current
Total transient load at black start DEG during startup is 2393.5 kW

MAXIMUM LOAD ON EMERGENCY DEG

Load on emergency DEG is of GT MCC which is:
AC lube oil pump
Turning gear motor
Hydraulic Oil Pump
L.O. tank fume extractor
Air atomizing pump
GT building exhaust cooling fan
Jacking oil pump
GT
MCC

90kW
30kW
15kW
18.5kW
15kW
45kW
16.4 kW

RECOMMENDATION
Presently, the entire black start up process is manual that is the
sequential shuffling of load, closing of isolators and breakers
It should be automated using PLCs

THANKYOU!