Electricity, elements

basic and battery

automotive

Roberto Zrate Olvera

Electron
An electron is a stable
negatively
charged
elementary particle which
is one of the fundamental
components of the atom.

Proton

A proton is a positively charged particle is within the atomic

nucleus. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus is
determining the atomic number of an element, as indicated in
the periodic table.

Neutron
A neutron is a subatomic
particle contained in the
atomic nucleus. It has no
net electrical charge,
unlike positively charged
proton. The number of
neutrons in an atomic
nucleus determines the
isotope of that element.

Atom
Defined as the smallest
atom in an element it can
be divided without losing
its chemical properties
particle.
Although
the
origin of the word atom
comes from the Greek,
meaning
indivisible,
atoms are made up of
even smaller particles,

As electricity is generated
Electricity is caused by the
movement of electrons from a
conductive
material.
Like
magnets atoms and molecules
electricity have both kinds of
charge, positive and negative.
When the charges are of
opposite signs they attract.
Positive
charges
attract
negative charges, but if the
charges are equal repel each
other. The electricity created

As electricity is generated in the

vehicle

Electricity is generated in a vehicle with an alternator or

generator which is like an electric motor that turns upside
down with the strength of the machine and is driven with a
band.

The electricity generated is stored in the battery is a

rechargeable battery and allows you to start the car and all
electrical fixtures use it. (Lights, elevators, horn, starter, etc.)

Alternator
The alternator is in charge
of
generating
enough
energy to operate the
vehicle; while supplies
and maintains the battery
at 100% capacity of
accumulated charge, so
that the vehicle has
power, the engine is
turned off.

Battery Automotive

An automotive battery is a type of rechargeable battery that

supplies electric energy to an automobile.

An automotive battery is an automotive battery that powers

the starter motor, the lights, and the ignition system of a
vehicle's engine, mainly in combustion vehicles.

Parts of battery

composition of the automotive

battery
The battery are made of six
galvanic cells connected in series to
provide a nominally 12-volt system.
Each cell provides 2.1 volts for a
total of 12.6 volts at full charge.
Lead-acid batteries are made up of
plates of lead and separate plates
of
lead
dioxide,
which
are
submerged into an electrolyte
solution of about 38% sulfuric acid
and 62% water.

Failure

Common battery faults include:

Shorted cell due to failure of the separator between the

positive and negative plates

Shorted cell or cells due to buildup of shed plate material

below the plates of the cell

Broken internal connections due to corrosion

Broken plates due to vibration and corrosion

Low electrolyte level

Cracked or broken case

Broken terminals

Sulfationafter prolonged disuse in a low or zero charged state

Frequent and continuous overcharge

THANK YOU