Inductive Approach

Inductive research involves the

search for pattern from observation
and the development of explanations
theories for those patterns
through series of hypotheses
Neuman (2003, p.51) affirms
inductive research to begin with
detailed observations of the world,
which moves towards more abstract
generalisations and ideas.

 inductive reasoning is often

referred to as a bottom-up
approach to knowing, in which the
researcher uses observations to build
an abstraction or to describe a
picture of the phenomenon that is
being studied

 Inductive reasoning is based on

learning from experience. Patterns,
resemblances and regularities in
experience (premises) are observed
in order to reach conclusions (or to
generate theory).

Deductive Approach
A deductive approach is concerned
with developing a hypothesis (or
hypotheses) based on existing
theory, and then designing a
research strategy to test the
hypothesis
Deduction begins with an expected
pattern that is tested against
observations, whereas induction
begins with observations and seeks

 Deductive means reasoning from the

particular to the general. If a causal
relationship or link seems to be
implied by a particular theory or case
example, it might be true in many
cases. A deductive design might test
to see if this relationship or link did
obtain on more general
circumstances

 when a deductive approach is being

followed in the research the author
formulates a set of hypotheses that
need to be tested. Then, through
implementation of relevant
methodology the study is going to
prove formulated hypotheses right or
wrong.

 Generally, studies using deductive

approach follow the following stages:
Deducinghypothesis from theory
Formulatinghypothesis in operational
terms and proposing relationships between
two specific variables
Testinghypothesis with the application of
relevant method(s)
Examiningthe outcome of the test, and
thus confirming or rejecting the theory.
Modifyingtheory in instances when
hypothesis is not confirmed.