CHILD DEVELOPMENT

ZAINAB HJ NAWAB KHAN

TESL
Jun 2014

CONTENT -

Physical
development
Prenatal
Infant
Child
Early Adolescence

3.1 Explain the stages

of physical
development of a
child

3.2 Present the

characteristics of
physical development
according to the
developmental stages

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
PRENATAL

INFANT

CHILD

EARLY ADOLESCENCE

1. PRENATAL
WEEKS

PROGRESS

1
Zygote

One cell zygote multiples and forms a blastocyst

The blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining

3-4
Embryo

6mm,a primitive brain and spinal cord appear. Heart,

muscles,ribs, backbone, and digestive tract begin to
develop

5-8

2.5cm,Many external body structures

face,arms,legs,toes & fingers and internal organs form.
The sence of touch begins to develop and embryo
canmove.

9-12
Fetus

7.6cm,Nervouse system,organs & muscles become

organized & connected-kicking,thumb sucking &mouth
opening, sex is evident

13-24

30cm,Fetal movement can be felt by mother, fetus react

to sound

25-38

50cm,Size increases,Lung mature,rapid brain

development, fetus rotate upside down in preparation for
birth.

Prenatal Environmental
Influences
1.Teratogen-any environmental agent that
causes damage during prenatal period
Dose,Heredity,Age,Other negative influences-poor nutrition, lack of
medical care
2. Prescription and non prescription drugs
3. Illegal drugs
4. Tobacco
5. Alcohol
6. Radiation
7. Environmental pollution
8. Maternal disease
9. Nutrition
10. Exercise
11. Emotional stress
12. Maternal age / previous birth

WHAT ARE THE COMMON DISCUSSED

ISSUES DURING PREGNANCY

2.INFANT
Rfelex

Stimulation

Eye blink

Shine bright light eyes, or clap hand near

head.
Permenant

Rooting

Stroke cheek near corner of mouth

Sucking

Place finger in infants mouth

Palmar grasp

Place finger in infantss hand, and press

against palm

Tonic neck

Turn babys head to one side while infant is

lying awake on back

Stepping

Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet

to touch a flat surface

Stepping

Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet

to touch a flat surface

Gross Motor Development

refers to skills that involve large muscles
activities e.g:
crawling
Standing
Walking
Jumping
etc

Fine Motor Development

Development of fine skills that involve more
finely turned movement such as finger
dexterity
Grasping
Holding
Buttoning
etc

Gross & Fine motor

development
period

Motor development

6 weeks

When held up right, holds head erect & steady

2 months

Lifts self by arms, roll from side to side

3 months

Grasps cube

4.5 months

Rolls from back to side

7 months

Sits alone,crawls

8 months

Pulls to stand

9 months

Plays simple games

11 months

Stands alone,walks alone

23 months

Jumps in place

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON

ISSUES ABOUT TAKING CARE OF
INFANT

3. Child
age

Motor skills

2-3

Walks more rhythmically, hurried walk change to run

Jumps, hops, throws & catches with rigid upper body
Pushes riding toy with feet

3-4

Walks up stairs, pedals

4-5

Walks downstairs, skips with one foot

5-6

Increases running speed, skipping, throwing speed

increases

7-12

Increases in gross motor skills

Slow but consistent growth

Growth Hormone
The most important hormones for human
growth are released by the pituitary gland.
Located at the based of the brain
It will enter bloodstream and induce growth

Testosterone ( boys) genitals,height, voice

Estrogen-breast, uterine & skeletal

WHAT ARE THE COMMON

ISSUES ABOUT RAISING A
CHILD

4.Adolescence

Puberty- physical maturation involving

hormonal & bodily changes ( in order)
MALE

FEMALE

Increase in penis and

testicle size

Breast enlarge/pubic
hair appears

Pubic hair

Armpit hair

Minor voice changes

Height

Maximum growth in
height

Wider hips

Armpit hair

Menstruation

More voice changes

Growth of facial hair

Gay? Lesbian?
Have common charateristics
Noticed they are gay in mid or late
adolescence
Majority of gay adolescence also
experienced other sex attraction (bisexual) ,
but do not fall in love

WHAT ARE THE COMMON

ISSUES ABOUT
ADOLESCENT

Factors affecting physical

growth

HEREDITY

ENVIRONMENT

IMPLICATIONS IN

Teaching and learning

Approaches strategies and methods

Teaching and learning objectives

Planning of activities

Teaching aids

Group activities

In groups present the implications of

physical development towards teaching and
learning