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r Storage devices.
Optical drives.
Floppy disk.
Hard disk.
r Components of Hard disks.
r RAID technology.
r Levels in RAID technology.
r Summary.
r Some of the storage devices are as follows:
FLOPPY DISK
`
r Hard disk is an organization of data on the platters.
r It shows where the data will be stored in each platters.
r They are specified by numerical values such as:
S Heads.
S Cylinders.
S Sectors per track.
S Write precompensation.
S Landing Zone.
c Platters and Media
c Read/Write Heads
c Spindle Motor
c Logic Board
c Integrated Cache
r SCSI Hard disk.
r SATA Hard disk.
r IDE(ATA/PATA).
r IDE is older type of Hard disk . It is also called ATA/PATA hard disk.
Some of the IDE hard disk are as follows:
r
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r SATA is latest technology that
is replaced by PATA/ATA
hard disk.
r SATA has several advantages
over PATA they are as follows:
m Superior cabling and
connectors.
m Higher bandwidth.
m Greater reliability.
r These hard disks are used in
workstations and servers
because of following
advantages:
m Improved performance
over IDE and SATA in
multitasking and
multiuser environment.
à Specifies data
Mirroring(same copy of
data in all hard disks) but
without any parity.
à This means data is copied
to multiple disk but there
is no error correction of
RAID1 level like RAID 0
level also requires at least
two hard disk drivers.
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r High Read/Write r Transaction rate slowed
Transfer Rates by Parity Disk
r Disk failures donǯt slow r Complex Controller
the system Design
r Low Ratio of Data Disks r Software
to Parity Disks Implementation
r Resource Intensive
($+
r Video Production
Characterized by:
- each drive duplicated
- high implementation cost
&%
r Uses multiple (mirrored) RAID 1 in a single array
r Data striped across all mirrored sets
r Very high fault tolerance
r High performance rate
#
r The foremost advantage of using a RAID drive is that it
increases the performance and reliability of the system.
r The RAID drive is a credible example that could be used in
a server.
r The RAID increases the parity check and thus it regularly
checks for any possibility of a system crash. Disk stripping
is also a hot topic when we discuss about the RAID drives.
r The performance is much highlighting and increases a lot
when the disk stripping is done.
r The mirroring is the complete duplication of the data. Or
in the other sense the mirroring is the 100% duplication of
the data on two drives.
r A major disadvantage regarding the RAID drive is that
there needs to be written the drivers for a Network
Operating System (NOS).
r Hence the major fact and also the most important usage of
the RAID system is that it is essentially designed and
extensively used in a server.
r Another disadvantage regarding the RAID is that it is very
much difficult for an administrator to configure the RAID
system.
r The ability to dynamically enlarge the RAID server is also
complex process; especially for those administrators who
are the IS managers and also the LAN administrators.
''* )+ )
*, -
0 No Block No 2 Fastest, but lacks data
protection.
1 Yes No 32No 2 Requires double
capacity
but fastest protected
solution.
3 No Byte Dedicated 3 Distributes each block
across disks.
4 No Block Dedicated 3 Larger blocks improve
performance. Dedicated
parity disk is potential
bottleneck.
5 No Block Distributed 3 Eliminates parity
bottleneck.
u
ANJAN KUAMR.B.
-Guided by Mr. Pintunath .