EFFECT OF SUCROSE

EFFECT OF SUCROSE
IN HUMANS
IN HUMANS
on 11th
September
2014
on 11th September 2014

- Sabari Rajendran
- Sabari
CSIR
CECRIRajendran
CSIR CECRI

What is sucrose?
Simply table sugar
Chemically, a carbohydrate
To be specific a disaccharide.

More about sucrose:

Molecular formula: C12H22O11
Molecular weight: 342 g/mol
Non reducing sugar
Colourless crystalline solid
Tastes sweet
Produced by all photosynthetic plants

Sucrose in our food:

Main energy (carbohydrate) natural source
1 g 4.1 Kcal
Natural sources are honey, fruits,
Manufactured from sugarcane, sugar beet, sugar
maple,
Most common food sweetener used in soft-drinks,
confectionaries, sweets, bakery products, junk
foods,

Sucrose Metabolism:
Easily assimilated macronutrient
(quick energy source)
Sucrose

+
H2O / Hglucose

Glycoside hydrolase

+ fructose

Glucose and fructose are readily absorbed by the

vili and enters into the blood stream.
Undigested sucrose are broken down by enzymes
sucrase and isomaltase glycoside.

Health Risks of sucrose:

Dental caries
Occurs because of dimineralization of enamel and
dentine by organic acids formed by bacteria
(S. mutants) through anaerobic metabolism of free
sugars.
Starch has no significant role in this.
To prevent, use flouride toothpaste, reduce
sugar intake, eat foods that stimulate salivary
flow.

Is sugar, the reason behind

diabetes?
50:50

2 types of diabetes

Insulin dependent
Insulin independent

Biggest risk factor for Type 2 diabetes is

obesity, which induces insulin resistance.
High calories from any source causes obesity, it

Sweeteners others than sucrose:

HFCS
High fructose corn syrup.
Contains fructose and glucose
Different proportions are available
Fructose
100% fructose

Sweet but no calories:

Saccharin (warning label )
Aspartame
Acesulfame potassium
Sucralose
Neotame
Cyclamate (banned)

Sources: FDA

Sugars and obesity:

The glucose absorbed in the intestines are taken
to the blood stream from where they fuel all cells
by a series of processes.
Almost all glucose is burnt to CO2 , water and
energy.
Excess glucose is converted to glycogen (a
polysaccharide) by a process called glycogenesis and
is stored in liver.

Sugars and obesity:

However, fructose undergoes different
metabolism, which primarily takes place in liver.
Some portion is converted to glucose like
compounds that are used for furnishing energy.
When energy is needed, it is processed to
glycogen and stored in liver.
Or else, all the fructose gets converted to
triglycerides, the precursors of fats.

Sugars and obesity:

Thus, it had lead to a misconception that
fructose intake leads to obesity.
There are no strong evidences to prove this.
Several trials of high sucrose, hfcs diet shows
that only a small percent of fructose gets converted
to triglycerides.
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What happens if we intake sugars

in excess?
Excess
sugars

Type II
Diabetes

Insulin
Resistance
Pancreatic
cancer

Obesity
Hypertensi
on
Coronary
Heart
Disease

Myths and misconceptions:

All fructose

fats

Sucrose is better than HFCS

Sugar is not addictive
Sugar is empty calories
Sugar causes hyperactivity in children

Sources: FDA, American Diabetes Association, T

Sugars highly restricted:

For people who are suffering from
Diabetes
Sucrose intolerance
Fructose intolerance
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Glycogen storage diseases

Is Sugar good or bad?

Its all about balances

Calorie intake

Calories
burnt

Base: 200 calorie servings

Frozen novelties, ice type, pop

- 15896mg

Candies, chocolates

- 16326mg

Cereals ready-to-eat

- 16638mg

McDONALD'S with OREO cookies

Puddings, chocolate, ready-to-eat

- 17209mg
- 21792mg

Nuts, coconut cream, canned, sweetened - 28855mg

Drink mix, QUAKER OATS, GATORADE - 30879mg

Food containing
HFCS:
yoghurts,
bread,
cereal bars,
frozen pizza,
mac and cheese,
peanuts,
tonic water,
salad dressing,
canned fruit,
apple sauce,
ketchup,
Preservatives.

List of free sugar content in some consumer

products