5

contrat
lectronique

professeur titulaire / avocat

directeur du CRDP
crdp / droit / udm
www.gautrais.com
www.twitter.com/gautrais
www.lccjti.ca

Normalement

1386 CCQ. L'change de consentement

se ralise par la manifestation, expresse
ou tacite, de la volont d'une personne
d'accepter l'offre de contracter que lui
fait une autre personne.

Cest aussi...

information + sanction
ou
communication + scurit

communication
ORAL

securit

HAUT

PAPIER

ELECTRONQUE

tlphone

nappe
fax

courriel

vente entre 2
professionnels

Contrat sign

courriel avec
accus de
rception

Code Hammurabi
Contrat de
mariage
vente immobilire
Saxon ( 100 A J.C.)

contrat notarial

contrat avec
PKI
contrat avec
une tierce partie

BAS

MEDIUM

Exemples

simple moins que

Le contrat se forme par le seul
change de consentement entre des
personnes capables de contracter, moins
que la loi n'exige, en outre, le respect d'une
forme particulire comme condition
ncessaire sa formation, ou que les parties
n'assujettissent la formation du contrat une
forme solennelle.
1385 CCQ.

 moins que
EX: Certains
Contrats, preuve,
etc.

EX: Licence,
Clause arbitrale,
contrat de
consommation,
etc

crit
Signature
Original

EX:
connaissement,
preuve, etc.

Comme vu dans 1385 CCQ,

2 principales questions

1 Formalisme

2 eConsentement

Formalisme et eContrat

United Nations Convention on the Use of

Electronic Communications in
International Contracts (2005) (CUECIC)

Pourquoi une telle convention?

1) Enlever les obstacles lgaux au
eCommerce
2) Enlever incertitude
3) Fournir des solutions uniformes

Contenu de la convention?
1) Generalits

Dfinitions (art. 4)
Exclusions (art. 2)
Autonomie des parties (art. 3)
Interprtation (art. 5)

2) xigences Formelles
crit
Signature
Original

3) Formation du eContract

1.
2.

xigences Formelles

Original

no
n

Signature

t ra
it

crit

1.

Formation du eContrat

Approche minimaliste
Pas de remise en cause des aspects
contractuels
Autonomie des parties

2.

Formation du eContrat

2.

Temps et place de lmission et la

rception des communications
electroniques
Usage des messages automatiss pour
la formation des contrats

Temps et lieu de lmission et de la

rception est different du
2.A
temps et place de conclusion !
1387 CCQ. Le contrat est form au
moment o l'offrant reoit l'acceptation et
au lieu o cette acceptation est reue,
quel qu'ait t le moyen utilis pour la
communiquer et lors mme que les
parties ont convenu de rserver leur
accord sur certains lments secondaires.

DECLARATION

EMISSION

RECEPTION

INFORMATION

2.A

Acceptation

B
Offre

Temps et lieu de lexpdition et de

la rception des communications
lectroniques

2.A

10 (1). Le moment de lexpdition dune

communication lectronique est le moment o
cette communication quitte un systme
dinformation dpendant de lexpditeur
10 (2). Le moment de la rception dune
communication lectronique est le moment o
cette communication peut tre releve par le
destinataire une adresse lectronique que
celui-ci a dsigne .

Temps et place de lmission et rception

des communications lectroniques

2.A

Prsomption que le document est

mis => place daffaires
Prsomption que le document est
reu => place daffaires

Contrat automatis

2.B

Cest lgal!
12. La validit ou la force excutoire dun contrat form
par linteraction dun systme de messagerie
automatis et dune personne physique, ou bien par
linteraction de systmes de messagerie automatiss
ne peuvent tre contestes au seul motif quune
personne physique nest pas intervenue ou na pas
contrl chacune des oprations excutes par les
systmes ni le contrat qui en rsulte.
La capacit est rgle

Mais

Quest-ce quun contrat

automatis?

2.B

Ce peut tre des technologies complexes

telles que :
EDI
Logiciel

Ce peut tre des technologies simples

telles que :
Un formulaire commercial

Contrat complexe automatis

2.B

Contrat de communication pralable au

contrat automatis
Exemple
Contrat Communication EDI

Dure
Rgir le contrat
Convention sur la preuve
Vie prive
Etc.

Contrat Automatis simple

2.B
Contrat
entre
Amazon
(vendeur
+
Automate)
et
moi
(acheteur
+
Vraie
personne)

Contrat automatis simple

Amazon

Moi

2.B

Contrat automatis simple

2.B

(UN Convention art. 14)

Where a natural person makes an input error in an
electronic communication exchanged with the automated
message system of another party and the automated
message system does not provide the person with an
opportunity to correct the error, that person, or the party
on whose behalf that person was acting, has the right
to withdraw the portion of the electronic
communication in which the input error was made
+ 2 conditions
- diligence de lusager
- Pas davantages de lusager

Conclusions

2.B

La Convention met en place une base

minimale
Important de dvelopper ce plus petit
dnominateur commun

Consentement =

1) communication

2) acceptation

1399 CCQ

Le consentement doit tre libre et

clair.

Lisibilit

Contrat = Information

Mais..

Pour le moins 10 pratiques

contractuelles pathologiques

1 - Lisibilit

2 - Dynamique
7. Privacy; Monitoring the Services
We are under no obligation to monitor the
services, but we may do so from time to
time and we may disclose information
regarding Users use of the Services for
any reason and at our sole discretion in
order to satisfy applicable laws,
regulations, governmental requests, or in
order to operate and deliver the Services
in an effective manner, or to otherwise
protect us and our Users. We agree to
comply with the terms of our Privacy
Policy as set forth on our FAQ website, as
it may be amended from time to time.

3 - Longueur

Information = oxygne

Feldman v. Google (April 2007)

AdWords Agreement gave reasonable notice of its terms. In order to
activate an AdWords account, the user had to visit a webpage which
displayed the Agreement in a scrollable text box. () the text of the
AdWords Agreement was immediately visible to the user, as was a
prominent admonition in boldface to read the terms and conditions
carefully, and with instruction to indicate assent if the user agreed to the
terms. That the user would have to scroll through the text box of the
Agreement to read it in its 14 entirety does not defeat notice because there
was sufficient notice of the Agreement itself and clicking Yes constituted
assent to all of the terms. The preamble, which was immediately visible,
also made clear that assent to the terms was binding. The Agreement was
presented in readable 12-point font. It was only seven paragraphs long
not so long so as to render scrolling down to view all of the terms
inconvenient or impossible. A printer-friendly, full-screen version was
made readily available. The user had ample time to review the
document.

4 - Hyperliens

Linarit versus hypertextualit

5 O est le e-contrat ?

6 Documents lgaux multiples

Copyright
Privacy
Cookies
Terms and Conditions of Sale
Terms of Use
Limited Warranty
Service Contracts
Hardware Technical Support
Policy
Etc.

7 - Terminologies juridiques

THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY US ARE PROVIDED "AS IS." WE MAKE NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR ANY
WARRANTY REGARDING THE RELIABILITY OR SUITABILITY FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ITS SERVICES. USER UNDERSTANDS AND
ACKNOWLEDGES THAT WE EXERCISE NO CONTROL OVER THE NATURE, CONTENT OR RELIABILITY OF THE INFORMATION AND/OR DATA
PASSING THROUGH OUR NETWORK. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR ADVICE GIVEN BY US, ITS DEALERS, AGENTS OR
EMPLOYEES SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY AND USER MAY NOT RELY ON ANY SUCH INFORMATION OR ADVICE. WE MAKES NO WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE QUALITY, ACCURACY OR VALIDITY OF THE INFORMATION AND/OR DATA
RESIDING ON OR PASSING THROUGH ANY NETWORK. USE OF ANY INFORMATION AND/OR DATA OBTAINED FROM OR THROUGH
SERVICES PROVIDED BY US WILL BE AT USERS OWN RISK. USER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT WE ARE NOT LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR
INTERRUPTION IN THE INSTALLATION PROCESS OR IN PROVIDING THE SERVICES, WHETHER WITHIN OR OUTSIDE THE CONTROL OF US.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL THE USER HOLD US OR ANY OF OUR AGENTS, CONTRACTORS OR REPRESENTATIVES
RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY FORM OF DAMAGES OR LOSSES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES) SUFFERED FROM, BUT NOT LIMITED TO ERRORS, DELAYS, LOSS OF INFORMATION, DELAYS IN THE
INSTALLATION OR PROVISIONING PROCESS, OR INTERRUPTIONS IN THE SERVICES CAUSED BY THE USER, US OR A THIRD PARTYS
NEGLIGENCE, FAULT, MISCONDUCT OR FAILURE TO PERFORM. USER UNDERSTANDS THAT TELECOMMUNICATION AND/OR NETWORK
ACCESS SERVICES MAY BE TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE FOR SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE AND FOR OTHER
REASONS WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF THE DIRECT CONTROL OF US. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES DO ANY SUCH ERRORS, DELAYS,
INTERRUPTIONS IN SERVICES OR LOSS OF INFORMATION NULLIFY OR MODIFY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. WE RESERVE THE
RIGHT TO REFUSE OR TERMINATE SERVICES TO A USER AT ANY TIME WITHOUT CAUSE. THE INTERNET CONTAINS UNEDITED
MATERIALS, WHICH MAY BE SEXUALLY EXPLICIT, OR MAY BE OFFENSIVE TO YOU OR OTHERS ACCESSING THE SERVICES. WE HAVE NO
CONTROL OVER SUCH MATERIALS AND ACCEPT NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUCH MATERIALS.

7 Terminologies

8 Titres non juridiques

consumer contract
terms of Services
conditions of Use
conditions of Sale
notice
legal
waiver
licence
etc.

Privacy contract
privacy
confidentiality
FAQ
security
legal
waiver
licence
notice
etc.

9 Clauses abusives

10 Clauses stupides
DELL (INCLUDING DELLS PARENTS, AFFILIATES, OFFICERS,
DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS) DOES NOT ACCEPT
LIABILITY BEYOND THE REMEDIES SET FORTH HEREIN,
INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY FOR PRODUCTS NOT BEING
AVAILABLE FOR USE, LOST OR CORRUPTED DATA OR
SOFTWARE, PRODUCTS SOLD THROUGH DELLS SOFTWARE
AND PERIPHERALS DIVISION, OR THE PROVISION OF
SERVICES OR SUPPORT. DELL WILL NOT HAVE ANY LIABILITY
FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF THE
PRODUCTS IN ANY HIGH RISK ACTIVITY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL, MEDICAL SYSTEMS, LIFE SUPPORT OR
WEAPONS SYSTEMS. DELL WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR LOST
PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL,
INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, OR
FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY THIRD PARTY EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY
PROVIDED HEREIN.

10 Clauses stupides
Do not use the ING DIRECT Web Site to communicate
to others, to post on the ING DIRECT Web Site, or
otherwise transmit to the ING DIRECT Web Site, any
materials, information, or communication that either
causes any harm to any person or that is illegal or
otherwise unlawful, including without limitation any
hateful, harassing, pornographic, obscene, profane,
defamatory, libellous, threatening materials which
constitutes or may encourage conduct that would be
considered, a criminal offence, give rise to civil liability,
promote the excessive, irresponsible or underage
consumption of alcohol, or otherwise violate any law or
regulation.

10 Clauses stupides

The limited warranty set forth below is given by

Canon U.S.A., Inc. (Canon U.S.A.) in the United
States or Canon Canada Inc., (Canon Canada) in
Canada with respect to the Canon-brand PowerShot
Digital Camera purchased with this limited warranty,
when purchased and used in the United States or
Canada.

10 Clauses stupides

11. Governing Law

This Agreement is governed by the law of
Sharps Audio Visual.

Solutions simples

Court
Langage accessible
Humanit
Lent
Visuel

Exemple intressant :

www.creativecommons.ca/

1399 CCQ

Le consentement doit tre libre et

clair.

2
A. Shrink wrap
B. Click wrap
C. Browse wrap

1 - shrink wrap

ProCD (US - 1996)

King (Canada - 1989)

2.A

;-)

2 - Click wrap Dell

Dell Computer c. Union des
consommateurs - Cours suprme du
Canada (13 juillet 2007)
2 questions principales
Clause arbitrale et consommation
Validit du eContract
Lire aussi Dell a gagn

2.B

Click 1

Click 2

Click 3

Click 4

Relativisons
1. LPC a t modifie
Interdit larbitrage de consommation
Le consentement est renforc

Le commerant doit prsenter ces renseignements de

manire vidente et intelligible et les porter expressment la
connaissance du consommateur

2. Clause externe (1435 CCQ) pas dans labsolu

La clause externe laquelle renvoie le contrat lie les parties.
Toutefois, dans un contrat de consommation ou d'adhsion,
cette clause est nulle si, au moment de la formation du contrat,
elle n'a pas t expressment porte la connaissance du
consommateur ou de la partie qui y adhre, moins que l'autre
partie ne prouve que le consommateur ou l'adhrent en avait
par ailleurs connaissance.
Pas de preuve

Relativisons
3.

Consentement en gnral
suivant les seuls faits figurant au dossier et sans le
bnfice dun argument prcis sur le caractre
illisible ou incomprhensible de la clause
darbitrage, ma conclusion aurait t la mme si
lUnion avait aussi plaid que la clause tait illisible ou
incomprhensible au sens de lart. 1436 C.c.Q.
Comme il a t mentionn prcdemment, lhyperlien
en surbrillance parat chaque page laquelle le
consommateur accde et il na t prsent aucune
preuve permettant de conclure que le texte tait
difficile reprer lintrieur du document, ou quil
tait difficile lire ou comprendre.

Ceci tant dit cest dommage

Ceci tant dit cest dommage

Continuez, ne changez rien!
Contraire au marketing
Contraire la gestion qui base ses
prceptes sur le consommateur
Naide pas le commerce lectronique
Critre de laccessibilit est difficile
transposer en ligne
Dailleurs Dell a chang

3 - Browse wrap

2.C

5
contrat
lectronique

professeur titulaire / avocat

directeur du CRDP
crdp / droit / udm
www.gautrais.com
www.twitter.com/gautrais
www.lccjti.ca