Project Title

Smart phone controlled traffic signal

override with density sensing system
Under the Guidance of

Submitted by

ABSTARCT
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic

traffic signal system having remote override facilities with

android intelligence.
In the event of emergency, vehicles like ambulance, fire

brigade etc requiring priority are built in with Android

application device
This android based Bluetooth operated intelligence overrides

the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the

desired direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal.

PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE COMPONENTS
8051 series Microcontroller.
LEDs, Voltage Regulator, Resistors.
Capacitors, Crystal, Diodes.
Transformer, IR-LED & Photodiodes.
Transistor, Bluetooth device.

POWER SUPPLY
Bridge rectifier

230 V
AC
50
Hz

5v Regulator

5V
DC
12V step down
transformer

Filter(470f)

MICROCONTROLLER

It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU

I/O
Port

RAM ROM
Serial
Timer COM
Port

A single chip
Microcontroller

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLERAT89S52/51

External

interrupts
Int
err
upt
Con
trol
CP
U
OS

On-

chip
RO
M
for
prog
ram
code
Bus
Con
trol

Timer/Count

er

On

Tim

Co

chi
p
RA
M

1
er
Tim

unt
er
Inp
uts

4 I/O

Ports
P0 P1 P2

P3

Address

er 0

er
ia
l
TxD
P
RxD
or

Features of AT89S51/52
Compatible with MCS-51 Products

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer

Pin Description

What is called
Android..?
Android is an open-source operating system

which means that any manufacturer can use it

in their phones free of charge.
It was built to be truly open. For example, an
application can call upon any of the phones
core functionality such as making calls,
sending text messages, or using the camera.

.contd
Android is built on the open Linux Kernel.
Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual
machine that was designed to optimize
memory and hardware resources in a mobile
environment.

What is anandroidapplication
onmobilephones?
An android app is meant for phones with an

android based operating systems. They can

be downloaded from the android app Market
which is pre-loaded on every android phone.
Blue control APP and Bluetooth Spp APP are
some examples.

Android-The world's most powerful mobile platform

Very customizable. Open source operating

system is easily changed, hacked,
manipulated, and molded to fit whatever
functionality you had in mind. Found on all
platforms for all prices depending on what
hardware and software version you are
interested in. The battery is usually
replaceable.

COMPARISION OF ANDROID WITH OTHER

OS

ANDROID OS : Android is open source software,

manufacturers can modify the operating
system to suit their respective needs and
phones. This becomes a cheap and feasible
alternative for the manufacturer, as opposed
to developing an operating system in-house or
hiring a software company to do it.

i-OS:
It's not available on all carriers but this
is expanding. The battery is not
replaceable which is why all the I
Phone users you know have it plugged
in all the time as the battery degrades.

Windows Phone:
Windows Phone is a closed-sourced, which
means that it is solely developed by the
company and protected by copyright.The
Windows Store is limited as there only a few
number of apps

ANDROID APPLICATION
OPERATED BLUETOOTH
The Android platform includes support for the

Bluetooth network stack, which allows a

device to wirelessly exchange data with other
Bluetooth devices.
The application framework provides access to
the Bluetooth functionality through the
Android Bluetooth APIs.

An example of Android App

Blue-control Screen

FEATURES
OF BLUETOOTH

Super simple and easy way to interface

usingBluetoothstack.
3.3V Device with standard 5V DC Power source.
Can also support SPI Protocol, pins are made
available.
Low power consumption, Low cost.
Has high-performance wireless transceiver
system
Can be used to interface with PC, Mac or Android
phones/tablets.

Generic Default Visibility at Software

side:HC-06 or Linvor
Default Pairing code is not '0000' but
'1234'.
Please use Baud Rate with 8-N-1
connectivity from other device.
Works with any microcontroller with Serial
connectivity.

IR LED
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED

that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.

Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum

gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used

as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye

cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to

identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common
LED.
To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used.

The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR
LED in a circuit.

PHOTO DIODE
A photodiode is a type of photo detector
capable of converting light into either
current or voltage, depending upon the mode
of operation.
Photodiodes

are

similar

to

regular

semiconductor diodes except that they may

be either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or
X-rays) or packaged with a window or
optical fibred connection to allow light to
reach the sensitive part of the device.

BC547

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial

Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose
transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts
flowing through base and emitter and after
that only current will pass from collector to
emitter

.
Schematic Diagram

(PLEASE REFER CD)

Working of Project
The project uses the IR interruption concept for generating logic states
to the input of the MC. To achieve the same a number of IR diodes are
used facings photodiodes.
While the IR light falls on the photodiode the resistance of the
photodiode falls increasing the bias voltage
Logic high sensed by the MC input changes the green ON time to a
higher value for allowing more vehicles to pass through. After
sometime in case any other way gets more logic high, the sequential
timing gets automatically increased for that way.
Based on the IR interruption the green ON time increases, thus more
the vehicle longer will be the green signal time. Thus dynamic time
control is achieved based on the traffic density.

Soft ware Requirements

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-

time

kernels,

debuggers,

simulators,

integrated

environments,

evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,

XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to

object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the
underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

 i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86

(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then

compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

Applications

Advantages

Conclusion

Future scope

THANK YOU