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Penilaian hasil rekaman EKG:
Frekuensi (rate) dihitung / menit
Irama (rythm): regular / irregular
Zona transisi V1-V6
Axis Elektrik: sumbu (derajat), posisi
(normal, left, right, indeterminate /
right superior / northwest)
Interval PR, QRS, dan QT dalam detik
Lain-lain
Berapa kecepatan kertas ECG bergerak: 25 mm/detik
hitung
Bila 300/jarak
jarak R-R mm
R ke R dalam (150-100-75-60-50)
1500/jarak
R-R dlm mm
• the ectopic focus may cause single beats or take over and pace
the heart, dictating its entire rhythm
“ W a v e o f D e p o la r iz a t io n “ o r ” P r o p ig a t io n o f A c t io n P o t e n t ia l” m o v in g f r o m le f t t o r ig h t
P o la r iz e d R e p o la r iz in g D e p o la r iz e d D e p o la r iz in g P o la r iz e d
C e ll C e ll C e ll C e ll C e ll
( K + e fflu x ) ( N a + in flu x )
N a + N a + N a +
K + N a + K + N a + K + K + K +
---- ++++ ----
++++ ---- ++++
T h e n e e d le o f th is T h e n e e d le o f th is
T h e n e e d le o f th is r e c o r d in g e le c t r o d e r e c o r d in g
r e c o r d in g e le c t r o d e is b ip h a s ic e le c t r o d e in s c r ib e s
in s c r ib e s a to t a lly b e c a u s e h a lf o f th e a to t a lly p o s it iv e
n e g a tiv e c o m p le x tim e th e w a v e o f c o m p le x b e c a u s e
b e c a u s e th e w a v e th e w a v e o f
d e p o la r iz a tio n is
o f d e p o la r iz t io n is d e p o la r iz tio n is
m o v in g to w a r d s it
m o v in g a w a y f r o m w h ile t h e o t h e r h a lf m o v in g t o w a r d s it
it d u r in g th e e n tir e o f t h e tim e it is d u r in g th e e n tir e
tim e th e s tr ip is m o v in g a w a y tim e th e s tr ip is
d e p o a r iz in g fr o m it d e p o a r iz in g
The Concept of a "Lead"
Lead I - +
G
Electrocardiograph
0o
LEAD I
60o
120o LEAD II
90 o
LEAD III
LEAD AVF
• Each of the limb leads (I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF)
can be assigned an angle of clockwise or
counterclockwise rotation to describe its position in
the frontal plane
The Concept of a "Lead" LA
Leads I II III
RA
- -
RA - + LA
LEAD I
Remember, the RL
is always the ground
- -
RA & RL LL & LA
LEAD AVF
LL +
• By combining certain limb leads into a central
terminal, which served as the negative electrode,
other leads could be formed to "fill in the gaps" in
terms of the angles of directional recording. These
leads required augmentation of voltage to be read and
are thus labeled.
The Concept of a "Lead"
The Precordial Leads
• Each of the precordial leads is unipolar (1 electrode
constitutes a lead) and is designed to view the electrical
activity of the heart in the horizontal or transverse
plane
V1 V2
V3
V4 V5 V6
aVR aVL
aVF
Hexaxial Array for Axis Determination
determination of the angle of the main
cardiac vector in the frontal plain
Lead I Example 1