Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Van Leeuwenhoek
and his microscope
Robert Hooke, and
his drawing of cells
Schleiden and Schwann
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
(eubacteria and
archaea)
-
no nucleus
no organelles
binary fission
small (0.2 2.0 um)
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
- biofilms
Staphyloccocus aureus
biofilm
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
(protists, plants,
fungi, animals)
-
nucleus
organelles
mitosis
larger (10-100 um)
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
ADP +P
ATP
mitochon
dria
Cell Biology
I.Overview
ADP +P
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
ADP +P
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
and
- transform radiant energy
to chemical energy
chloroplast
ATP
ATP
mitochon
dria
Cell Biology
I.Overview
A. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
ADP +P
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
- use energy to make stuff
(like enzymes and other
proteins,
and lipids,
polysaccharides, and
nucleic acids)
- DNA determines
ATP
ribosome
ADP +P
ATP
ribosome
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
1. phospholipids
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
2. proteins and carbohydrates
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
Aqueous Solution
(outside cell)
dissolved ions
dissolved polar molecules
dissolved ions
dissolved polar
molecules
suspended non-polar
(lipid soluble)
suspended nonpolar
(lipid soluble)
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
equilibrium
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport - diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
equilibrium
Equilibrium
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport - osmosis
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport facilitated diffusion
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport active transport
Phosphorylation causes
the protein to change its
conformation, expelling Na+
to the outside.
Extracellular K+ binds
to the protein, triggering
release of the phosphate
group.
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
3. metabolism (enzymes nested in
membrane)
4. signal transduction
Cell Biology
I.Overview
II. Membranes How Things Get in and Out of
Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
3. metabolism (enzymes nested in
membrane)
4. signal transduction
5. cell-cell binding
6. cell recognition
7. cytoskeleton attachment
Study Questions:
1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. What is a biofilm?
3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes.
4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules?
5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water
potential and osmosis.