We have experienced the

growth
and development

GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
by
Drs. EDI SABADILLA S.

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Standard of Competence
1. To understand the various system in
human life
Basic of Competence
1.1 Analyzing the importance of growth and
development of organism

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Objectives
The students are able to:
1. Distinguish between growth and
development
2. Give the examples of growth and
development

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Science Words:
1. Growth
2. Development
3. Internal factors
4. External factors
5. Environment
6. Response
7. Communication
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Growth and Development

Every organism experiences the changes
during its life. The changes include changes
in size, a small one becoming large, a short
one becoming long, a light one becoming
heavy etc.
The changes in the organism life can be divided
become two kinds of changes. Those are Growth
and Development
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Growth
Grow is increasing size that happens to an
organism during its life.
The characteristic of growth are :
1. Ireversible process
2. Quantitative changes
3. Caused by : a. an increase in the number
of cell
b. an increase in size of cell which
compose the organisms body
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Development
Development is the change leading to the
organism maturity. Development is
combination process between growth and
differentiation of cell which compose the
organism body.

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Characteristic of Development are :

1. Qualitative changes
2. There is no size changes but only form/
function changes
3. Caused by differentiation of cell.

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The example of Plant Growth and Development:

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Phase of Plant Growth and Development

Germination
Seedling
Juvenile
Reproductive

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Aging

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The examples of Animal Growth and

Development

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Phase of Human Development :

1. Embryonic development
2. After embryonic development

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Phase of Embryonic development are :

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Phase of after embryonic development

Development of Human
Based on the age

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Several kinds of others organisms

development
1. Metamorphosis
2. Metagenesis

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Metamorphosis

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Some factors that influence Growth and

development
1. External factors :
a. Oxygen
b. Sun light
c. Food and water
d. Temperature
e. Humidity

2. Internal Factors :
a. Gen
b. Hormone
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Lets think together !

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Task 1
1. Make a group of four
2. Make the explanation for each of factor
that influence growth and development
3. Write down on your HVS paper / CD

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Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan

pada tumbuhan
Pertumbuhan pada tumbuhan terjadi pada
jaringan meristem/ titik tumbuh dan
mengalami pembelahan mitosis
Pertumbuhan dibedakan jadi 2 macam;
1. Pertumbuhan primer
2. Pertumbuhan skunder
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1. Pertumbuhan Primer
a. Terjadi pada ujung akar, ujung batang
b. Meyebabkan bertambah panjang dan
tinggi
c. Hasil pertumbuhan meristem adanya
tunas/ batang apikal atau terminal

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2. Petumbuhan Skunder
a. Terjadi pada jaringan kambium
b. Menyebabkan pertumbuhan membesar
( Dikotil )
c. Hasil pertumbuhan adanya xilem dan
floem skunder

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Macam macam type perkecambahan

berdasarkan letak kutiledon
1. Hypogeal
Yaitu kutiledon/ endosperm tetap berada di
dalam tanah
Contoh : kelapa, jagung, padi
2. Epygeal
Yaitu kutiledon/ endosperm berada di
atas tanah
Contoh : kacang hijau
Note : Plumula tumbuh menjadi batang
Radikula tumbuh menjadi akar
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Macam-macam Type Kecambah

1. Epigeal

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2. Hypogeal

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Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Tumbuhan

Hormon
Perkembangan
Cahaya
Hormon :
Auksin
Giberelin
Sitokinin
Asam absisat (ABA)
Etilen
Kalin
Asam Traumatin
Cahaya :
Lama dan warna
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Hormon dan Fungsinya

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Auksin
Tempat sintesis :
daun muda
tunas muda
meristem apikal
Fungsi :
mengontrol differensiasi
mengontrol pemanjangan sel batang
mengontrol dominansi apikal
bersama dengan giberelin mengontrol aktivitas cambium
dalam pembentukan jaringan vaskuler sekunder
bersama dengan sitokinin dalam kultur jaringan
mengontrol pembentukan tunas atau akar
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Dominansi Apikal

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Giberelin
Tempat sintesis
Daun muda
tunas muda
embrio (terutama monokotil)
akar
Fungsi
Mengontrol pembelahan sel pada meristem subapikal
Memanjangkan internode tanaman yang
bermorfologi roset atau kate genetik
Memacu aktivitas amilase
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Giberelin

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Giberelin

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Sitokinin
Tempat sintesis
Ujung akar
Buah muda

Fungsi:
Menjaga keseimbangan pertumbuhan tunas dan akar
Untuk pertumbuhan buah
Menunda senesensi
Bersama dg auksin dalam kultur jaringan:
Auksin tinggi, sitokinin rendah => akar
Auksin rendah, sitokinin tinggi => tunas
Auksindan sitokinin berimbang => kalus

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Sitokinin
Penghambat Penuaan

- Sitokinin

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+ sitokinin

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