Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Topics in Chapter
Required investments
in operating capital
Value =
FCF1
FCF2
+
(1 + WACC)1 (1 + WACC)2
+
...
FCF
+
(1 +
WACC)
Weighted average
cost of capital
(WACC)
Market interest rates
Market risk aversion
Cost of debt
Cost of equity
Dollar terms.
Percentage terms.
4
Probability Distribution:
Which stock is riskier?
Why?
Bust
Below
avg.
Avg.
Above
avg.
Boom
Prob T-Bill
.
Alta
Repo
Am F.
MP
20.0
0.20 8.0
35.0
0.10 8.0
50.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
7.0
15.0
45.0
29.0
30.0
43.0
r r i Pi .
= i=
1
r^
Alta = 0.10(-22%) + 0.20(-2%)
+ 0.40(20%) + 0.20(35%)
+ 0.10(50%) = 17.4%.11
Alta
Market
Am. Foam
T-bill
Repo Men
r
17.4%
15.0
13.8
8.0
1.7
12
deviation
of returns for each
alternative?
= Standard deviation
= Variance = 2
13
14
Standard Deviation of
Alternatives
T-bills
= 0.0%.
Alta
= 20.0%.
Repo
= 13.4%.
Am Foam = 18.8%.
Market
= 15.3%.
15
Stand-Alone Risk
16
Expected
Return
17.4%
15.0
13.8
8.0
1.7
Risk,
20.0%
15.3
18.8
0.0
13.4
17
Coefficient of Variation
(CV)
CV = Standard deviation /
Expected return
CVT-BILLS = 0.0% / 8.0% = 0.0.
CVAlta Inds = 20.0% / 17.4% =
1.1.
CVRepo Men = 13.4% / 1.7% =
7.9.
CVAm. Foam = 18.8% / 13.8% =
18
1.4.
Expecte
d
Return
Risk:
Risk:
CV
17.4%
15.0
13.8
8.0
20.0%
15.3
18.8
0.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
0.0
19
20
^
rp = w^
i ri
i=1
Econom
y
Bust
Below
avg.
Average
Above
avg.
Boom
Port.=
0.5(Alta)
+
0.5(Repo
Repo
)
28.0%
3.0%
14.7
6.4
Prob.
0.10
0.20
Alta
-22.0%
-2.0
0.40
0.20
20.0
35.0
0.0
-10.0
10.0
12.5
0.10
50.0
-20.0 23
15.0
=
((3.0
9.6)
0.10
+
(6.4
9.6)
0.20
p
9.6%
+(10.0 - 9.6)20.40 + (12.5 9.6)20.20
+ (15.0 - 9.6)20.10)1/2 = 3.3%
CV = 3.3%/9.6% = .34
24
Two-Stock Portfolios
Adding Stocks to a
Portfolio
stock 35%
Many stocks 20%
28
Company Specific
(Diversifiable) Risk
Stand-Alone Risk, p
20%
Market Risk
0
10 20 30 40
2,000 stocks
29
Conclusions
34
Using a Regression to
Estimate Beta
Marke
t
PQU
25.7%
2
3
8.0%
11.0%
40.0%
15.0%
15.0%
15.0%
35.0%
32.5%
36
10.0%
37
38
Calculating Beta in
Practice
Go to http://finance.yahoo.com
Enter the ticker symbol for a
Stock Quote, such as IBM or Dell,
then click GO.
When the quote comes up, select
Key Statistics from panel on left.
41
Security
Alta
Market
Am. Foam
T-bills
Repo Men
Expected
Return
(%)
17.4
15.0
13.8
8.0
1.7
Risk, b
1.29
1.00
0.68
0.00
-0.86
42
each
alternatives required
return.
Alta
Exp.
r
17.4
Req.
r
17.0
Market
15.0
15.0
Am.
Foam
T-bills
13.8
12.8
8.0
8.0
Undervalued
Fairly
valued
Undervalued
45
Fairly
Alta
. .
rM = 15
rRF = 8
Repo
-1
. T-bills
1
Market
Am. Foam
Risk, bi
2
46
Weighted average
0.5(bAlta) + 0.5(bRepo)
0.5(1.29) + 0.5(-0.86)
0.22.
47
New SML
I = 3%
SML2
SML1
18
15
Original situation
11
8
0 0.5
1.0
1.5 Risk, bi
49
After change
SML2
SML1
18
RPM = 3%
15
Original situation
1.0
50
Risk, bi