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PREPARATIONS
Weld preparation
Weld preparation depend on:
welding process
preparation method available
access
type of joint
type of parent material
thickness
welding position
in-service type of loading
Weld preparation for arc welding - see BS EN 29692!
Weld preparation
Welding process impacts upon weld preparation
Arc
welding
EB
W
Weld preparation
Welding process impacts upon weld preparation
MMA
MA
high heat input process allow a larger root G
face less weld
metal required, less distortions, higher productivity
on MAG, no root gap possible easier set-up
if gap is too big possible burn-through
if gap is too small lack of penetration problems
Weld preparation
Preparation method impacts upon weld
preparation
Weld preparation
Preparation method impacts upon weld
preparation
Variations in
cutting line
Variations in
cutting angle
Weld preparation
Preparation method impacts upon weld
preparation - corrective measures
No root face
Backing strip (6 mm or
more, same material)
Weld preparation
Preparation method impacts upon weld
preparation - corrective measures
Weld preparations
Access impacts upon weld preparation
Weld preparations
Access impacts upon weld preparation
Weld preparations
Access impacts upon weld preparation
Pipe weld preparation - one side access only!
Weld preparations
Access impacts upon weld preparation
Pipe weld preparation - one side access only!
self-adjusting items
no danger of burnthrough
susceptible to
corrosion
To ensure minimum root
mismatch, the internal
bore is sometimes
machined with a low
angled bevel
Weld preparations
Type of joint impacts upon weld preparation
corner joints require offset
offse
t
danger of burnthrough
difficult to set-up
easy set-up
no burnthrough
Weld preparations
Type of joint impacts upon weld preparation
lap and square edge butt joints do not require
preparation
Bevel angle = 30
Included angle = 60
Weld preparations
Type of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
to reduce distortions on stainless steels welds, reduce
included angle and increase root face
to avoid lack of side wall fusion problems aluminium
require larger included angles than steel
60
30
Steel
70-90
35-45
Aluminium
Weld preparations
Thickness of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
a single bevel groove requires a volume of weld
metal proportional to the square of plate thickness
its lack of symmetry lead to distortions
Weld preparations
Thickness of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
Reduce weld volume by:
reduce included angle
Weld preparations
Thickness of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
Reduce weld volume by:
increase root face
Weld preparations
Thickness of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
Reduce weld volume by:
use U prep instead V prep
Weld preparations
Thickness of parent material impacts upon weld
preparation
Reduce distortions by using an asymmetric V
prep instead of a symmetric V prep
t/3
t
Weld preparation
Welding position impacts upon weld preparation
60
30
60
15
PF symmetric
preparation
PC asymmetric
preparation
If symmetric preparation is used on PC weld will
run out of the groove
Transition Joints
Transitioning is carried out to reduce the wall thickness on a
joint that has two different plate/pipe thickness to match the
thickness of the thinner plate/pipe.
The transition may be applied by a pneumatic beveling machine
or by a disc grinder and it is a normal requirement to have a
minimum length four times the thickness of the misalignment or
four times the thickness of the thinnest plate
The transition may be applied to the inside or out side of the
joint, in the case of a pipeline it is normally applied to the inside
Transition Joints
Abrupt changes in material thickness, causes stress
concentrations and low fatigue strength
A smooth transition is required to reduce the chances of
fatigue cracking
A taper of 1 in 4 or 1 in 3 is recommended for maximum
fatigue strength
High stress concentration
no taper
Transition Joints
a)
b)
c)
Transition Joints
t.
4 x t. min
Seam Offset
m
250 mo
or 9 0
Seam offset:
Longitudinal seams should be separated at a set distance form
each other
The amount of seam offset is dependent upon code
requirements. For pipes typically 250mm or 90o, pressure
vessels 1800