RATIONALE

Water: Most critical single factor in crop production.

Irrigated agriculture: about 90 percent share in crop

production.

Stagnant irrigation supplies

Enormous water losses

Low water productivity

Any quantum jump in agricultural productivity can only be
brought by shifting from rainfed agriculture to irrigated
agriculture and inexact irrigation to exact irrigation.
Drip Irrigation System is a solution for high water
efficiency
and productivity.

DRIP IRRIGATION
Application of Water
Drop by Drop Direcly to Plant Root Zone
PRINCIPLE
i.e.
IRRIGATING CROP ROOTS, NOT THE SOIL

Air

K
N p
N K
N p

Water
N

Water

Air

Precision Irrigation Creates the Most Congenial Environment for Plant Growth
3

EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION METHODS

Most Efficient
Drip (80-90%)
Sprinkler (70-80%)
Bubbler (60-70%)
Furrow (50-60%)
Flood (40-50%)

Least
Efficient

Drip Irrigation System Components

Head Control
Unit

Safety and
Monitoring
Devices

Pipes and
Fittings

PVC
Pipes

Filtration
System

Fertigation
Equipment

Primary
Filter

Secondary Press. Release Vl.

Filter
Air Release Vl.

PVC
Control
Fittings Valves

Non Return Vl.

Main Line

Sub Main
Line

Emitting
System

HDPE
Pipe

PC

NPC

Plain
Laterals+
Online
Emitters

PC

Integrated
Drip Line/
Drip Tapes

NPC

Vacuum Brk. Vl.

Pressure Regulator
Flow Meter
Press. Gauges

Head Control Unit

Air Release Valve

Disc Filter

Hydrocyclon
e Filer

From Pump
(Inlet to
System)
Water
Meter
Fertilizer
Tank
Outlet to Field
6

FILTERATION

Prevent entry of impurities that can cause system clogging

Suspended Materials

Soil Particles

Organic Matter

Other Impurities

FILTERS TYPES
1. Primary Filters
2. Secondary Filters

Primary Filter
Types
Gravel /Sand Media Filter

Hydro Cyclone Filter

Secondary Filter
Types
Disc Filter

Screen Filter

Gravel/Sand Media Filter

Prevent entry of organic impurities (e.g. algae)

Used when water source is exposed to sunlight (e.g. canal water

stored in a pond)

Filtration
Sharp edged silica sand
Media
Inlet

Silica Sand
Outlet

Tangential flow of water into

the filter creates centrifugal
action

Heavier particles (sand) are

thrown towards periphery
resulting into their
separation from water

Inlet

Inlet

Outlet

Outlet

Hydro Cyclone Filter

10

Disc Filter

Micron precise filtration of solids

No filtration failure

Higher filtration efficiency

Out
le t
Inle
t

11

Screen Filter

Removes small size suspended materials (e.g. fine

sand) or a little amount of algae

Filtration
Media

Stainless steel/nylon/polyester mesh

(16-400 mesh)
Inlet

Outlet

12

Fertigation/Chemigation
Application of nutrients and fertilizers to crop in soluble
form along with irrigation water

Injection of chemicals (acids, chlorine) for system cleaning /

maintenance

13

Types of Fertigation Equipment

1.Fertilizer
Tank
2.Venturi
Injector
3.Injection
Pump

14

Fertilizer Tank
Merits

Simple in operation

No external energy source required

Low cost

Limitatio
ns
Low fertilizer application
uniformity

Each irrigation turn requires tank

replenishment

Not suitable for automation

15

Merits

Venturi
Injector

No external energy source required

Better fertilizer application uniformity

Suitable for automation

Limitations

High pressure loss

Limited operating range

16

Merits

Injection
Pump

High fertilizer application uniformity

No pressure loss in the system

Suitable for automation

Limitatio
Relatively
complicated to operate
ns
High cost
Required external source of power
Limited operating range

17

IN-FIELD SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
Integral Drip Lines/Drip Tapes

Sub Main
Hydrant
Lateral

Main Line

Online Dripper

18

Water Distribution Pipes

Mainline

PVC made

Placed underground

Connect head control unit & sub-mains

Sub-Main

PVC / PE made

Placed on surface / subsurface

Connect mainline & laterals

19

Emitting Devices

Plain Laterals

Integrated Drip-

lines

Drip Tape

Emitters/Drip

20

PE made

Plain
Laterals

Placed on surface /subsurface

Emitters can be fixed at desired spacing
Sizes varies from 12 to 20 mm
Suitable for orchards

21

Integrated
Emitters are Drip-lines
inbuilt at different spacing

Suitable for row crops

Sizes varies from 12 to 16 mm

Long Life

High initial cost

22

Drip
nbuilt labyrinth (hole) at different
Tapespacing

Suitable for row crops

Suitable for plain terrain

Low initial cost

Recyclable

Short life
Labyrint
h

23

Emitters/Drippers
Pressure

Compensated

Suitable for undulating topography

Non Pressure

Compensated
Suitable for plain terrain

24

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION PRINCIPLE

Water is sprayed through the air (usually in predetermined patterns) that
falls on crop/soil like rain

25

Sprinkler Types

Hand-Move Lateral

Gun Sprinkler

Fixed / Permanent Sprinkler

Center Pivot System

Linear Move System

26

Hand-Move
Main-line is buried or portable with valve outlets at intervals for attaching
Lateral
portable
laterals
Merits

Suitable for almost all crops

Usable for every type of topography

Limitati
High
onslabor requirement
Susceptible to leakage at joints

27

Merits

Gun
Sprinkler

Irrigate large area in one location

Operate manually or automatically

More suitable for supplemental irrigation

Low initial cost

Limitati
ons

Not suitable for windy areas

Large droplet size compact the soil

High application rate causes runoff

Requires more energy

28

28

Fixed / Permanent
Sprinklers
Permanently laid main, sub-main, lateral lines with stationary
water source and pumping unit

Merits

uitable for orchards, berries,

grasses and ornamental plants etc

equires less labour

an be fully automated

Limitati
High initial cost
ons

High Energy requirement

29

29

Center
Pivot
Sprinkles water from a continuously
moving lateral pipeline around
a pivot (fixed end of the lateral). The lateral line consists on number of
sprinklers at specific spacings

Merits

Better irrigation application uniformity

Suitable for almost all crops
Can be fully automated
Very low labor requirement

Limitati

High initial cost

ons

Requires field free from

ground obstructions
(electric poles, trees etc.)
Difficult to cover field
corners

30

30

Linear-Move
System (lateral line & pumping unit) moves linearly across the field

Merits

Better irrigation application uniformity

Suitable for almost all crops
All field including corners are equally irrigated

Limitati
ons
High initial cost
Only suitable for irrigating
rectangular fields

Rectangular field free from ground

obstructions (electric poles, trees
etc.)

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31

MERITS, LIMITATIONS & IMPACT

32

MERITS

33

LIMITATIONS
High Initial
Cost

Lack of
Technical
Backup
Support

Need Inbuilt
Weed Control
Program

Require Skilled
Management

LIMITATIONS

In-sufficient
Intuitional
Support

Leaking &
Clogging of
Equipment

Lack of Skilled
Human
Resources

Susceptible to
Theft

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IMPACT

35

Mr. Waqar Khan site tehsil hazro

Distt. Attock

36

Izhar farms Chakwal

37

Amna Tareen - Lodharan

38

Muhammad Anwar - Bahawalpur

39

39

Muhammad Qasim Qureshi - Dera

Ghazi Khan

40

Mouza Kallo, Tehsil Talagang, District Chakwal

41

Blue Revolution
in the Making

THANKS
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