Fuel Injection System In Diesel

Engine

Sukhpreet Singh Jhajj

Mechanical Engg.
Group 2
Semester -7th

What is a Pump?
Pump is the know as the heart of the engine.
It is used in all the diesel vehicles.
Its work is to suck fuel from the tank and

supply it to the engine cylinder for

Combustion with high pressure.

Need of Pump

Both engines convert fuel into energy via a

series of minor explosions or combustions.

However, the way the combustion happens is
different in both engines. In gasoline engine,
the air is mixed with fuel and the combined
substance gets compressed by pistons. The
explosion is ignited by a spark. On the other
hand, in a diesel engine, air is compressed first
which causes the air to heat up. Then the fuel
is injected, which ignites the explosion.

Who developed this?

It was developed by Sir Robert Bosch in

Germany during the late 1927.

Types of Pump
Inline or Multi-cylinder Pump
Single cylinder Pump
Distributor or Rotor Pump
Common Rail System

Inline Fuel Injection Pump

Technical

Operation

characteristics
The in-line fuel-injection
pump is lubricated by
the engine oil circuit, it
can also cope with lower
fuel grades. Long-lasting
reliability and durability
are only guaranteed if
regular maintenance is
carried out.
Pressure given by this
pump is 550 bar

The cylinders are

arranged in a row. Each

individual cylinder is
supplied with fuel by its
own plunger-and-barrel
assembly via a pressure
valve. The engine drives
the pump's camshaft via
cogs or a chain. The pump
runs half as fast as the
engine synchronously to
the piston movements.

Working Principal
When the vehicle starts the

pump sucks the fuel from the

fuel tank. With the help of feed
pump.
The fuel is filtered with the
help of fuel filter.
Then it goes inside the pump.
Then the work of the barrel
and plunger starts by the
timing of the firing order they
create the high pressure and
gives out through injectors to
the nozzles. The extra fuel left
in the nozzle is returned back
to pump by returning valve.

Inline Pump

Inline Pump
Advantages:-

Disadvantages:-

Easy to repair as each

Exhaust too high.

Low pressure.

of the cylinder have its

own barrel so easy to
find the fault.
Caters to requirment of
2-12 cylinder with 25hp
to 540hp output.
Speed range upto
3500rpm

Meets upto Euro 3

Emission only.

Distributor Pump or Rotor Pump

It was also developed by BOSCH.
It was designed because inline pump was

bulky and its size was too big.

It is the compact pump it generates even
more pressure than the inline pump.
The pressure is near about 950bar.
It has a mechanical governor to maintain the
fuel supply

Distributor Pump
Technical

Operation

Characteristic
The Distributor Pump is
lubricated by the Fuel. It
cannot cope with lower
grade fuel. It is durable
and has a high life than
the inline pump.

It is a single pump it

dont have barrel for

each of the injectors.
Only one pump with the
help of camplate the
firing order is
maintained.

Working Principle
The fuel is sucked into the

pump with the help of vane

pump present inside the
pump.
The fuel is also used for
lubrication inside the pump
because it dont allow the
lubrication oil to come inside
that.
One distributor head is used to
supply the fuel to the injectors
according to the timing set by
the cam plate.
Mechanical governer is used
during the fluctuation of speed
to maintain fuel supply

Distributor Pump

Distributor Pump
Advantages :-

Disadvantages :-

Designed to achieve

High care is required as

low exhaust emission.

Compact and light
weight.
Easy adaptability to
variety of engine
requirement.
Speed range upto
5000rpm.

it uses diesel as a
lubrication if the
lubricating oil enters
the pump or the water
enters inside the pump
it gets damaged.

Common Rail System

It is the new technology used now a days.
It generates high pressure than all the pump

made till now.

Pressure is near about 1450bar.
It functions with the help of ECU.
It was first introduced for the light vehicles.
Now a days it is also used in heavy vehicles.

Working Principle
The fuel is first sucked form the fuel tank the comes to the fuel filter.
The it comes to a high pressure pump which pressurise the fuel upto

1450 bar.
High pressure pump has 3 pistons or plunger inside this which is used
to increase pressure.
It dont have any governor all the speed and fuel supply is
maintained by the ECU.
Then the fuel is send to the common rail or the pipe which maintains
the pressure at the same level as given out by the pump.
Then by the ECU according to the firing order it is released out from
the pipe to the injectors.

Common Rail System

Common Rail System

Advantages:-

Disadvantages:-

High pressure.
Constant pressure.

ECU damaged it stops

No mechanical power

needed.
Accuracy more.

working.
Not water resistant.
No repairment of
common rail.

Comparison between Conventional vs.

Common rail
Conventional
Fuel metering

Common rail
Mechanical
governor

Fuel metering

Engine ECU,
injector

Injection timing
control

Engine ECU,
injector
High Pressure
Pump, ECU

Injection timing
control

Mechanical
timer

Fuel pressure
build up

Pump

Fuel pressure
build up

Fuel distribution

Pump

Fuel distribution Engine ECU,

Rail

Injection
pressure control

Depend on
engine speed

Injection
Engine ECU,
pressure control Metering Valve

THANK YOU