Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Characteristics
Pericarditis is inflammation of the
pericardium, the membranous
sac enveloping the heart
It is often a manifestation of a
more generalized disease
Pericardial effusion is an
outpouring of fluid into the
pericardial cavity seen in
pericarditis
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Constrictive pericarditis is a
condition in which a chronic
inflammatory thickening of the
pericardium compresses the
heart so it is unable to fill
normally during diastole
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Pathophysiology and
Etiology
Etiology is unknown
Other causes:
Infection:
Viral: influenza
Bacterial: staphylococcal,
streptococcal
Fungal
Parasitic
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Classifications:
a. Layers of pericardium being
attached to each other
(adhesive)
b. What accumulates in the
pericardial sac
- serous (serum)
- purulent (pus)
- calcific (calcium deposits)
- fibrinous (clotting proteins)
- sanguinous (blood)
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Clinical Manifestations
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Diagnostic Evaluation
Echocardiogram: most sensitive
method for detecting pericardial
effusion
Chest xray: may show
cardiomegaly
ECG: to evaluate for myocardial
infarction
WBC and differential elevations
indicating infection
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Medical Management
Objectives of treatment are
targeted toward:
Determining the etiology of the
problem
Administering pharmacologic
therapy for specified etiology,
when known
Being alert to the possible
complication of cardiac
tamponade
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SLE: steroids
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Emergency pericardiocentesis if
cardiac tamponade develops
Partial pericadiectomy
(pericardial window) or total
pericardiectomy for recurrent
constrictive pericarditis
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Complications
Cardiac tamponade
Congestive heart failure
Hemopericardium
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Nursing Management
Nursing Diagnosis
Chest Pain related to pericardial
inflammation
Decreased Cardiac Output
related to impaired ventricular
expansion
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Nursing Interventions
Reducing Discomfort
Give prescribed drug regimen for
pain and symptomatic relief
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Thank You
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