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MODALS
Modals are auxalary verbs. They used
with the main verbs to give additional
meaning to main verbs. The most
common modals are listed below,
along with some of the additional
meanings that they add to main
verbs
Can
Possibility , ability,
permission
Could
May
Probability, permission
Might
Probability
Must
Shall
Should
Will
Future
would
condition
modal
might
Verb word
visit
us
Examples
Incorrect : after you show me the way, I can to go by myself
Correct: after you show me the way, I can go by myself
Incorrect: Our friends might stopping to see us on their way to
California
Correct: Our friends might stop to see us on their way to California
Incorect: The flight should to be on time
Corect: The flight should be on time
Exercise
By the time a baby has reached his first
bithday, he should, without the help of an
adult ... sit up or even stand up
A. to be able to
B. able to
C. to be able
D. be able to
Many birds will, in the normal sourse of their
migration, flying more than three thousand
miles to reach their winter home
Must have
participle
Past time
My friend
must have
called
Last night
Examples
Incorrect: The street are wet; it should
have rained last night
Correct: The street are wet; it must have
rained last night
must be
calling
now
Must be
adjective
Present time
He
must be
upset
now
Examples
Incorrect: The line is busy; someone should be using
the telephone now
Correct: The line is busy; someone must be using
the telephone now
Incorrect: Bob is absent; he must have been sick
again (now)
Correct: Bob is absent; he must be sick again (now)
Inccorect: he is taking a walk; he must have felt
better now
Correct: he is taking a walk; he must be filling better
now
Exercises,
The general public ... a large number of
computer now, because prices are beginning
decrease.
A. must buy
B. must have bought
C. must be buying
D. must buying
The American buffalo must be repreduce itself
again because it has been removed from the
endangered species list.
must
Verb word
Repeated
time
My friend
must
call
often
Examples
Incorrect: The light is always out in her room at ten
oclock; she must have go to bed early every night
Correct: The light is always out in her room at ten
oclock; she must go to bed early every night
Incorrect: Our neighbors must having a lot of money
because they are always taking expensive trips
Correct: Our neighbors must have a lot of money
because they are always taking expensive trips
Incorrect: He can like his job because he seems very
happy
Correct: He must like his job because he seems very
happy
Incorect: Her English is very good; she must spoken if
often
Correct: Her English is very good; she must speak if
often
Exercise :
Since more that 50 percent of all marriages in
the United States end in divorce about half of
the children in America must ... in singleparent homes
A. Grow up
B. To gow up
C. Growing up
D. Have grow up
Sheep must have mate in fall since the young
are born in early spring every year
know
noun
know
the answer
know
how
infinitive
know
how
to answer
the
question
Examples
Incorrect: If she knew to drive, he would lend her his
car
Correct: If she knew how to drive, he would lend her
his car
Incorrect: I dont know to use the card catalog in the
library
Correct: I dont know how to use the card catalog in
the library
Incorrect: Until he came to the United State to study,
he didnt know to cook
Correct: Until he came to the United State to study, he
didnt know how to cook
Exercises
In a liberal arts curriculum, it is assumed that
graduates will ... about English, language,
literature, history, and other social science.
A. know
B. know how
C. knowledge
D. knowing
The impressionists like Monet and Manet knew
to use color in order to create an image of
reality rather than reality itself
used to
live
in the country
was
used to
living
in the
country
Examples
Incorrect: I used to was studying at the
University of Southern
California
before I transfered here
Correct: I used to study at the
University of
Southern California
before I
transfered here
Incorrect: She was used to get up early
Correct: She was used to getting up
early
Exercises
Harvard ... a school for men, but now it is
coeducational, serving as many women as men
A. was used
B. used to be
C. was used to
D. was used to be
As TV images of the astronauts showed, even for
trained professionals who are used to move
about in a lessened gravitatonal field, there
are still problems
word
You
had better
take
Had
better
not
Verb
word
You
had better
not
take
Examples
Incorrect: You had better to hurry if you dont
want to miss the bus
Correct: You had better hurry if you dont
want to miss the bus
Incorrect: We had better made reservations so
that we will be sure of getting a good table
Correct: We had better make reservations so
that we will be sure of getting a good table
Incorect: You had better dont go alone
Correct: You had better not go alone
Exercises
To check for acidity, one had better ... litmus
paper
A. Use
B. Using
C. To use
D. Useful
In todays compatative markets, even small
businesses had better to advise on TV and
Radio in order to gain a share of the market
Would rather
Verb word
Would rather
(not) drive
Examples
Incorrect : She told me that shed rather not to
serve on the committee
Correct: She told me that shed rather not serve
on the committee
Incorrect: If you dont mind, Id rather not going
Correct: If you dont mind, Id rather not go
Incorrect: Greg would rather has a Pepsi than a
beer
Correct : Greg would rather have a Pepsi than a
beer
Exercises
Rhododendons would rather ... in shady places, and
so would azaleas.
A. To grow
B. Growing
C. Grown
D. Grow
The Amish people, descended from the Germans and
Swiss, would rather using horses than machines
for transportation and farm work because they
believe that a simple life keeps them closer to God
Would rather
that
you
Would rather
that
You
Drove
Didnt
drive
Examples
Incorrect : Id rather that you dont do that
Correct: Id rather that you didnt do that
Incorrect : The dean would rather that students
make appointments instead of dropping by
Correct: The dean would rather that students
made appointments instead of dropping by
Incorrect : Wed rather that you should come
tomorrow
Correct: Wed rather that you came tomorrow
Exercises
A good councelor would rather that patient ... his or
her own decisions after being helped to arrive at
general understanding of the alternative.
A. makes
B. making
C. will make
D. made
It is said that the American flag has five-pointed
stars because Betsy Ross told General
Washington she would rather that he changing
the six pointed ones
Verb word
Please dont
tell
anyone
tell
anyone
Exercises
Incorrect: Would you please dont
smoke
Correct: Would you please not smoke
or
Please dont smoke
Incorrect: Would you please dont be
late
Correct: Please dont be late
or
Exercises
Please ... photocopies of copyrighted material
without the permission of the publisher
A. no make
B. dont make
C. not make
D. not to make
Please dont parking in those spaces that
have signs reserving them for the
handicapped