GRAMMAR: Parts of Speech

After
completing
this tutorial,
you will

apply your
knowledge of the
parts of speech to
understand the
English principles
that will help you to
write better.

Lets identify the basic tools of a

language: the parts of speech

NOUNS name
birthday
week

today

skiing
studying

management

duck
pig
owl

dependability
honesty

persistence

life
death

birth

inch
yard
computer
stationery
cup

NOUNS name
city
home
college

singer
student
executive

NOUNS tell who/whom or what.

Common NOUNS begin
with lowercase letters.

Proper NOUNS
name specific

and begin
with capital
letters

Business Department
Karachi
Fido
Memorial Day

White House

India
Dr. Shah
Saira

Mr. Ahmed

George Washington

A PRONOUN is a word
used as a noun substitute:

me

some

all
which

A VERB

Action verbs -- eat, love, count, run

Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am,
seem
Possession verbs -- has, have,
had (double as helpers)

Adjectives and Adverbs

adjectives

tell something about

a noun or pronoun

the kinds of
adjectives pointing, descriptive,
are:
articles, limiting
I like those expensive, blue shoes
because they are comfortable and go
with the most outfits .

Adverbs modify (describe or limit)

verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They
add information about

when
how

Today we must begin work.

Sara proceeded rapidly to work.

where
to what
extent

Did you see the schedule there?

The prosecutor did not
question him further.

other words or groups of words.

Coordinating

conjunctions join words or

groups of words that are equal.

We met at the junction of Fifth and Elm Streets.
Subordinating (dependent)

conjunctions

join words or groups of words that arent equal.

We studied Chapter 1 many hours because we
want a good grammar foundation.

Prepositions join nouns

and pronouns to other
words
in
a
sentence.
Your cat is under the chair.
Go through the door.
Im going to Hawaii.
Sit beside me.

Prepositions
show
relationships.
See how
Ellen often
talked
with Mr. Lee.
the preposition changes the relation of
object
(Mr.
Lee)
to verb
(talked):
Ellen
often
talked
about
Mr. Lee.

Ellen often talked to Mr. Lee.

See how the meaning has changed?

express strong feelings.

Lets review!

Identify what the words are

in the next sentence.
Are they
ADJECTIVES
EXCLAMATIONS
PRONOUNS

ADVERBS

CONJUNCTIONS

PREPOSITIONS

NOUNS
VERBS

The brown puppy is by the bed,

and he is chewing furiously on
that
new
toy.
The brown = adjectives

puppy = noun
is = verb
by = preposition
the = adjective (article)
bed = noun

The brown puppy is by the bed,

and he is chewing furiously on
that
toy.
andnew
= conjunction

he = pronoun
is = verb
chewing = verb
furiously = adverb
on = preposition

The brown puppy is by the bed,

and he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.

that = adjective (pointing)

new = adjective (descriptive)
toy = noun

Noun Suffixes

-age (usage, heritage, wastage)

-ance (tolerance, elegance, relevance)
-cracy (democracy, autocracy, theocracy)
-cy (decency, insurgency, vacancy)
-dom (freedom, wisdom)
-ence (preference, reverence, dependence)
-er (settler, writer, banker, prayer)
-ary/ery (delivery, infirmary)
-graph/-graphy (photograph, photography)
-hood (childhood, motherhood, falsehood)

-ia (aphasia, euphoria)

-ice (cowardice) -ics (aerobics, physics)
-ing (pleading, swimming)
-ism (capitalism, globalism)
-ity (utility, rarity, intensity)
-logy (geology, biology)
-ment (arrangement, development)
-ness (kindnes, happiness)
-ship (friendship, fellowship, intern ship)
-sion- (admission, decision, revision)
-tion (interruption, reduction)
-tory (trajectory, inventory)
-try (chemistry,

Adjective Suffixes

-able

-al

-ant -ible -ical