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Over Head Transmission line
ELECTRIC NETWORKS
COMPARISON BETWEEN DC & AC
NETWORKS
NETWORKS
Electric Networks
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Step up transformer
G
.D
power
Thermal power
Nuclear power
Gas
Source
Sun
Wind
Mechanical
Alternator
Prime mover
Turbine
Transmission
Distribution
Distribution Networks :
a. Overhead conductor in urban areas
( ACSR , AAC )
b. Underground cables inside town .
Example
Egypt
20 kV
Generation
220 kV or 500 kV
(depend on network) transmission
66 kV
22 kV 11 kV
380 V distribution
AC & DC Transmission
DCAdvantages:
Two
wires
No inductance - No capacitance
Better voltage regulation
Better efficiency
No skin effect
Less voltage drop
Less losses
No power factor
DC Transmission
DC Disadvantage:
Can
No
Protective
AC & DC Transmission
AC Advantages:
Generated
at high voltage
Stepping up and stepping down
Protection devices are less complicated
AC Disadvantage:
Three
wires system
Effect of skin
Losses
R, C, L (Losses).
Conclusion
There are two main applications for
Dc transmission
Aluminum
Cheaper
Better conduction
Lighter
O.H.T.L
Ground
wire
AAC
AAAC
ACSR
AACSR
Hard
Drawn
Copper
ABC
Cable
AAC
(All Aluminum Conductor)
Instranded
Egypt H14
1. These conductors are formed by
aluminum wires .
2. All the wires have the same nominal diameter .
3. Main applications :
span
Aluminum
H14
Standards
BS EN 60889,
BS EN 50182
Density
2.703 kg/dm3
23 * 10-6 1/C
AAAC
(All Aluminum Alloy Conductor)
AAAC
Standards
Classification of AAAC
Density at 20 0C
2.703 kg/dm3
Coefficient of linear expanse
23*10-6 1/C
Constant-mass temperature coefficient of resistance at
20 0C 0.00361 1/C
ACSR
Aluminum conductor steel reinforced
1. These conductors are formed by stranded wires the
core are made of galvanized steel and the external
layer of aluminum .
2. Due to the greater diameter of the conductors electric
losses by the by the corona effect are greatly reduced .
3. The diameter of steel and aluminum wires can be alike
or different .
4. For large Span (320-350mt) and economical
advantages in the installation of Over Head lines .
5. Layer of grease between Aluminum and steel wires .
6. Main Application : Medium , High and extra high voltage
7. Standard:
IEC 60888 , 60889 & 61089
BS EN 50189 , BS EN 50182
- Standards
IEC 60889
IEC 60888
IEC 61089
BS EN 60889 -BS EN 50189 - BS EN 50182
ASTM 498
ASTM 232
Classification of Steel
According to BS EN 50189:
6 types of steel
AACSR
Aluminum Alloy Steel Reinforced
RESISTIVITY 0.01777 m
Standards
DIN 48201
BS 7884
Steel
Grease
AAAC
ABC Cable
(Arial Bundled cable)
Single - duplex triplex or Quadruplex
Messenger
Lighting
Power
SPECIFICATION
Standards
Sizes
Customer requirement
Prepared by
Eng. Waleed Abdel Azeem
Approved by
Eng. Mohamed Farrag