UNIX

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Contents:

Introduction to UNIX

UNIX Architecture

UNIX Command

The vi editor

UNIX Shell Scripting

Introduction:

Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer

operating system.

Unix was originally developed in 1969 by a

group of AT&T employees.

Solaris Unix, AIX, HP Unix and BSD are few

flavors of UNIX.

UNIX Architecture

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UNIX Architecture
UNIX Architecture consists of two parts:
Shell
Kernal
Shell: A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter.
Kernal: A Unix kernel is a computer program that manages
input/output requests from software and translates them
into data processing

instructions for the central processing

unit and other electronic components of a computer.

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UNIX Commands
touch

wc

ls

sort

cat

uniq

cp

cut

mv

grep

rm

head

chmod

tail

pwd

mkdir

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rmdir
cd
who
date
df
du

am i
find
man
nohup
ps
kill
sed
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ls command
Syntax:

ls <option>

ls command list all the files and directories available in

current directory.

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ls -l
List all files and directories from current directory
in long format.

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ls -a
Display all files including hidden files.

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ls -la
Using multiple options at a time.

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touch
Syntax:

touch <filename>

touch command creates zero byte files.

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cat
Syntax:

cat <filename>

cat command displays the content of a file.

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cat
Syntax:

cat <filename1> <filename2>

cat command displays the content of a file.

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cat
Syntax:

cat > <filename>

Creates a file with new file name and open for editing.
Use ctrl+d keys to exit edit mode
Opens an existing file in overriding mode.
Syntax:

cat >> <filename>

Creates a file with new file name and open for editing.
Use ctrl+d keys to exit edit mode
Opens an existing file in appending mode.

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cp
Syntax:

cp <filename> <new filename>

cp command copy data from one file to other.

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mv
Syntax:

mv <filename> <new filename>

mv command move data from one file to other, old file

exits.
Rename a old file to new file.

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rm

rm <option> <filename>
rm command remove files from current directory.
Rm command cant remove directories.
Syntax:

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wc

wc <option> <filename>
wc command displays number of new lines, words and
Number of bytes from file.
Syntax:

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wc

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wc

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wc l <filename>

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sort

sort <filename>
Sort command will sort the data in file based on first
column.
Syntax:

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Cont..

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uniq

uniq <filename>
uniq command remove the duplicates that are sequenti
present in a file.
Syntax:

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uniq

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uniq

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pwd
Syntax:

pwd

pwd command display current directory.

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chmod
chmod command changes the permissions
of a file.

Order of permissions in Unix:

Owner permissions: Actions the owner of the file can perform on the file.
Group permissions: A member of the group that a file belongs to, can perf
on the file.
Other permissions: What action all other users can perform on the file.
Permission Values:
1 - Execute
2 - Write
4 - Read

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chmod
Syntax:

chmod <permissions> <filename>

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cutSyntax: cut <option> <filename>

cut command to extract portion of text from
a file by selecting columns.

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grep
Syntax: grep <pattern> <file name>
grep command search for a pattern
in a file and print.

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head
Syntax: head <option> <file name>
head command displays top 10 lines of file.

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tailSyntax: tail <option> <file name>

tail command displays bottom 10 lines of file.

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head & tail

Syntax:

head <option> <file name>|tail <option>

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mkdir
Syntax:

mkdir <directory name>

mkdir command is used to create directories.

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rmdir
Syntax:

rmdir <directory name>

rmdir command is used to remove directories.

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cd
Syntax:

cd <directory name>

cd command is used to move to other directories.

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du
Syntax:

du

du command gives disk usage details.

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du -h
Syntax:

du -h

du h command gives disk usage details in

human understandable format.

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df
Syntax:

df

df command gives space availability on disk.

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df -h
Syntax:

df -h

df -h command gives space availability on disk in

human understandable language.

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ps
Syntax:

ps

ps command gives all processes details that are

currently running.

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ps -ef
Syntax:

ps -ef

ps ef command gives all processes details that are

currently running along with user name.

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kill
Syntax:

kill <option> <process id>

kill command kills the process running with given id

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date
Syntax:

date

date command displays current date.

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sed
Syntax:

sed <operation> filename

sed stands for stream editor. sed command is used

to modify data in files automatically.

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sed
Syntax:

sed <operation> filename

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sed
Syntax:

sed <operation> filename

>sed 's/Informatica/Informatica9/2' file.txt

Replaces the second occurrence of the word.
>sed 's/Informatica/Informatica9/g' file.txt

Replace all the occurrence of the pattern in a li

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nohup
Syntax:

nohup <options> &

nohup stands for no hang up. nohup is used to run

the process even after logout from a shell.
$ nohup sh custom-script.sh &
$ nohup sh custom-script.sh > custom-out.log &

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who am i
Syntax:

who am i

who am I gives the details of current user who is

logged into the UNIX machine.

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man

man <command name>

man command displays the manual for given comman
Syntax:

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find

find <location to search> <type to search> <va

find command displays the location of given file.

Syntax:

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The vi editor
Stands for Visual Editor.
Modes of operation
- Command mode
- Insert mode
- The ex command mode

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The vi editor

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The vi editor

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The vi editor

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The vi editor - commands

ZZ write buffer to file and quit
:wq - write buffer to file and quit
:q! Quit the editor without saving changes to the file.
:q Quit if the changes written to file.

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Sample script
c

om

en

Following commands
Needs to be executed

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Output

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Name.sh

Output:

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Defining variables
Variable name=variable value

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Special variables
$0 - filename of the current script.

$nv - Arguments with which a script was invoked.($1,$2 and so on

$# - Number of arguments supplied to a script
$* - All the arguments are double quoted.
$@ - All the arguments are individually double quoted.
$? - Exit status of the last command
$$ - Process number of the current shell
$! - Process number of the last background command

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Relational operators
-eq - Equal to
-ne - Not equal to
-gt - Greater than
-lt - less than
-ge - Greater than or equal
to
-le - Less than or equal to
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If.else
if<condition>
<statement>
fi
if<condition
>
<statement
>
Else
<statement
>
fi

If<condition>
<statement>
elif<condition
>
<statement>
Else
<statement>
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fi

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If.else
#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
echo "a is equal to
b"
fi
if [ $a != $b ]
then
echo "a is not equal
to b"
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fi

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Some Syntaxes
case...esac
while command1;
do
Statement(s)
while command2;
do
Statement(s)
done
Statement(s)
done
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pmcmd Syntax
#!/usr/bin/bash
pmcmd startworkflow
-sv $INT_SVC
-d $INFA_DOMAIN
-u $INFA_USERID
-p $INFA_PWD
-f $INFA_FOLDER
-w $WORKFLOW_NAME
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