Disorders of perception

Alteration in perception
Alteration in intensity
Noise, light, colors
and quality
e.g. Schizophrenic patient
complain that flower smells like
burning fish

Illusions
Affect

illusions
Pareidolic illusion/pareidolia a
vague or random stimulus is
mistakenly perceived as
recognizable. A common example
is perceiving the image of a face
in clouds.
Optic illusions

Hallucinations

Hallucinations
Complex/Elementary
Auditory

second person, third

person,
Visual

Hypnagogic,

hypnopompic, extracampine

Disorders of the stream of

thought
Pressure

of thought: subjective
experience and objective

Poverty

of thought

Thought

blocking

Disorders OF FORM OF
Thought
Flight

of Ideas - Includes clang association, rhyming,

punning, and responding to distracting cues in the
environment.
Loosening of associations - a loss of the normal
structure of thinking.
Knight's move (derailment) - sequence of unrelated or
only remotely related ideas

The traffic is rumbling along the main

road. They are going to the north. Why
do girls always play pantomime heroes
Carl Schneider

Word salad
mixture

of random words that, while

arranged in phrases that appear to
give them meaning, actually carry
no significance.
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
Chomsky
Wood-dead cousin
Bleuler

Verbigeration (verbal stereotypy)

Stereotyped

and meaningless
repetition of words and phrases
Peter paid plenty for piping.
Plenty for piping paid Peter
Eep eep eep eep eep .

Alogia (illogicality)
One

of the four main "negative"

symptoms of schizophrenia
poverty of speech
Alogia

Normal speech

Do you have a job?

Yes
Where do you work?
White Hen
What do you do there?
I'm a cashier
How long have you worked
there?
Six years

Do you have a job?

Yes, I've worked as a
cashier at White Hen for
six years.

Neologism,

Neolexia (Greek: a
"new word", or the act of creating
a new word)

Circumstantiality

- unnecessary
details and irrelevant remarks
cause a delay in getting to the
point

Tangentiality

the patient seems

always about to get near to the
matter in hand, but never quite

Abnormal thought
Delusions

- is a belief that is firmly held against all

evidence to the contrary and which is out of context

with the person's educational and cultural
background
Overvalued

ideas - An understandable idea pursued

by the patient beyond the bounds of reason. Differs
from obsessional ideas in that it is not perceived as
senseless or unwanted

Obsessions

- Compulsive preoccupation with a fixed

idea or an unwanted feeling or emotion, often
accompanied by symptoms of anxiety

Passivity phenomena
In

these phenomena the individual feels that

some aspect of themselves is under the
external control of another or others. These
may therefore include 'made acts and
impulses' where the individual feels they are
being made to do something by another,
'made movements' where their arms or legs
feel as if they are moving under another's
control, 'made emotions' where they are
experiencing someone else's emotions, and
'made thoughts' which are categorised
elsewhere as thought insertion and
withdrawal.