PROTECTION OF

TRANSFORMERS
IN A
POWER SYSTEM NETWORK
 CONTENTS

 ABSTRACT
 POWER SYSTEM NETWORK.
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS.
 TYPES OF FAULTS.
 PROTECTION SCHEMES.
 CONCLUSION.
 REFERENCES.
 ABSTRACT

Transformers play a vital role in power

system network.
The present study deals with the
protection of transformers for different
voltages from distribution transformers
to generator transformers.
Power
Power Systems
Systems Network
Network
Power
PowerSystems
SystemsNetwork
Network

Power Evacuation Substation

Transmission Substation

Switching Substation

Distribution Substation
GENERATION
GENERATIONSYSTEM
SYSTEM

In a Generating Station following Transformers are available.

1. Generator Transformer

2. Unit Auxiliary Transformer

3. Station Transformer

4. Motor Transformers

5. Specific Application Transformers

TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
SYSTEM

In a Transmission System following Transformers are available.

1. Auto Transformer
2. Two Winding Transformer
3. Three Winding Transformer

DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SYSTEM

In a Distribution System following Transformers are available.

1. Power Transformer
2. Distribution Transformer
3. Consumer Transformer
 TYPES OF FAULTS

TYPES OF INTERNAL FAULTS:

 Earth faults
 Short-circuits
 Inter turn faults
 Core faults
 Tank faults
 Reduced cooling
 TYPES OF FAULTS

EXTERNALLY APPLIED FAULTS:

• Overload

• External short circuit

• Over-voltages
• Magnetizing inrush
• Ferro-resonance
 Transformer protection Philosophy

The transformer protection logic fall into the following two

major categories, based on fault sensing method.
Mechanical protections:
1.Buchholz protection
2.Sudden pressure (Rapid pressure rise) protection
3. Pressure relief protection
4.Temperature protection

Electrical protection:
1. Unit protection
2. Non-Unit protection
 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
• No Buchholz relay for transformers below 500 KVA capacity
• Transformers upto 1500 KVA have only Horn gap protection
• Transformers above 1500 KVA & upto 8000 KVA of
33/11KV shall have one group control breaker on HV side
&individual LV breakers if there is more than one
transformer. When there is only one transformer HV CB is
necessary if the transformer is 3 MVA or above.
• Transformers above 8000 KVA shall have individual HV and
LV circuit breakers.
• LAs to be provided on HV & LV for transformers of all
capacities and voltage class.
• Fans failure and pumps failure alarms to be connected.
 Transformer protection : Electrical

• Biased ( percentage) differential

protection:
• Restricted Earth fault protection:
• Over-fluxing protection:
• Back up Earth fault protection:
• Back up protection:
• Inter-turn fault and protection:
 CONCLUSION

Till now we discussed about various types of

transformers used in the power system.
i.e. in generating system ,transmition
system& distribution system. And about the
protection for these transformers.
further we are going to study , in detail, the
protection equipment for transformers.
 REFERENCES

 SWITCH GEAR&PROTECTION -BY - S.RAO –khanna publications

 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS -BY - C.L.WADHWA-5th edition
 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY - BY - B.L.THERAJA - VOL-III
 WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
 QUERIES…?

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