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 About the speaker

± Dr. Anil Rajvanshi, director, trustee and

Honorary Secretary of Nimbkar Agricultural
Research Institute (NARI) has nearly 30 years of
experience in renewable energy R&D and rural
development. He did his B.Tech and M.Tech in
Mechanical Engineering from I.I.T.Kanpur in
1972 and 1974 respectively. He received his
Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the
University of Florida, in 1979. He worked there
for two and a half years before returning to
India in 1981 to work in NARI, in Phaltan,
Maharashtra.

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± Dr. Rajvanshi has been a member of many prestigious committees
of the Government of India (Office of the principal Scientific Advisor
to the GOI, Planning Commission, Advisory Board of Energy, MNES,
etc.) and Government of Maharashtra. He is the author of the
national policy on Energy Self Sufficient Talukas, which was run by
MNES, New Delhi. In 1998, he was inducted to the U.S. based Solar
Hall of Fame.
± He was awarded the prestigious Jamnalal Bajaj Award for rural
development in 2001 and in 2004 his work on electric cycle rickshaw
was awarded the Energy Globe Award - dubbed the Oscar of
Energy. In June 2009 NARI received the prestigious Globe Award
for Dr. Rajvanshi's invention of an ethanol lantern and stove.
± Dr. Rajvanshi is the principal investigator of 30 projects funded by
various national and international agencies with grants totaling Rs.
25 million. He has authored and co-
co-authored more than 160
publications in various national and international journals.

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 # 

± Three parts
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i 
± 60% of rural population (~400 million)
in India live in primitive conditions.
Almost no electricity, primitive cook
stoves and unclean drinking water.
± Around 300,000 deaths/yr. take place
because of air pollution and 1.5 million
because of polluted water. Modern
technology has not touched their lives
even 62years after independence.
± 54% of IndiaƎs population is below
25 yearsƎ of age and most of them
live in rural areas with very few
employment opportunities.
± Increased aspirations because of
mass media are leading to social
unrest. Migration to cities.
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i  $ %
± Around 260 million people in India (1/4th of population)
live on less than Rs 50/day.
± Poverty in rural areas. Resulted in farmersƎ suicides. In
last 10 years about 150,000 farmers have committed
suicide. Poor support prices, increased input costs and
aspirations. Also no long term agriculture policy.
± Serious energy crisis in India. In rural areas ~ 60
kWh/yr per capita electricity consumption. HDI is
directly linked to electricity. In Maharashtra ~6000 MW
shortage. 12-
12-15 hours daily blackouts in rural areas.
± Last year India imported ~ Rs. 3 lakh crore worth of
petroleum products (6% of GDP). Serious outflow of
foreign exchange. Need fuel for 8- 8-9% growth.

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i  $ %
± Most of these problems have come because of non-non-
governance. Governance is the first casualty of
corruption.
± Also because of centralized control both in governance
and energy. Decentralization needed.
± With proper governance one of the best technological
solutions is energy production via agriculture and
renewables. Decentralized energy!
± Will provide rural wealth and create employment.
± With 60% of these rural poor coming in mainstream
development huge intellectual capital will be available.
± India then can become an economic super power.

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  #(
± India produces ~ 600 Ƌ 1000 million tons/yr of
residues. Mostly burnt. Fuels from these residues can
take care of major requirements of energy.
± Residues can produce three types of fuel
Ƌ Liquid fuels like ethanol or pyrolysis oil.
Ƌ Gaseous fuel like methane (biogas)
Ƌ Electricity
± Residues can produce 156 b l/yr
of ethanol which is 42% of IndiaƎs
oil demand in 2012; or 80% of oil
demand via pyrolysis oil;
or 80,000 MW of electric power.

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 #( $ %
± Can be ~ Rs.2000 billion/yr industry (2 lakh crores).
± Can also provide 50 million jobs .
± With increased industrial demand
for fuel and electricity large tracts
of farmlands may come under
fuel crops only.
± Food vs. fuel debate. Need to do
R&D on multipurpose crops.
± NARIƎs pioneering work on sweet sorghum. Food,
fuel and fodder from same land.
± Farms and farmers are the backbone of any nation
since they can produce food, fuel and wealth from
the land. They should be helped.

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± In any agriculture 25-
25-40% of produce is food and rest
are residues. No remunerations from residues, hence
farming is uneconomical.
± Sophisticated technology needed in farming. Lacking
in India. Best brains needed in agriculture.
± Increased farming will require adequate water supply.
± Rainwater harvesting provides the best solution. Need
for setting up water utilities.
± Issue of ownership of water bodies needs to be
resolved. Water Act similar to Electricity act needed.
± Use of flue gases from power generation can provide
clean potable water. Combined electricity/water
plants.
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 #

± Need for appropriate end-
end-use devices in rural areas.
± Should be powered by locally available fuel and materials.
± Renewables and desktop manufacturing (rapid prototyping
technologies). High technology needed for rural areas.
Why?
± Resources and energy in dilute forms.
± Very efficient devices allow maximum energy and materials
to be extracted for useful purposes. Biomimicry as mantra
for design.
± Hallmark of evolution is size reduction; increase in
complexity and efficiency; and ƐdynamicƑ equilibrium with
the surroundings. Cell phones as an example.
± Some examples of high technology from our work.
Renewable liquid fuel production; cooking/lighting; power
generation and sustainable transportation.

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Sustainable Fuel Production
Ethanol from Sweet Sorghum

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Cooking/lighting on ethanol
± Only renewable liquid and gaseous fuels
can provide clean household energy.
± 50--60% ethanol/water mixture. Easy to
50
distill and very safe household fuel.
± Lanterns and stoves developed.
± Stove 2.5-
2.5-3 kW capacity. Like LPG stove
with high and simmer settings.
± Lantern output =100 W bulb light.
± Lanstove provides cooking, lighting and
clean water.
± 2009 Globe Award

Lanstove
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Biomass Gasification
± Loose leafy biomass gasifier.
± 500--800 kW (thermal)
500
capacity. Controllable flame.
± Cleaning of gas still a problem.
± http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/Gasi
fier.pdf

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Environmentally sound transport
± Electric cycle rickshaws
± Trikes for handicapped
± Electric auto rickshaw.
± 2004 Energy Globe Award
http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/MAPRA.pdf

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 0/ (

± Corporate World (CW) should be directly involved in
rural development. Have managerial and other
resources.
± Model of joint stock company. GOI should be a
facilitator. Tax and other benefits.
± In energy production via renewables:
Ƌ Taluka based systems of 10- 10-20 MW capacity.
Ƌ 500 kW power/water systems for individual villages.
Ƌ Utilities for liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel
production either from dedicated crops or residues
± Water utilities in a village using rain water harvesting
and supply for both irrigation and household uses.
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 V.
  
± Need to look beyond business and financial gains only.
Rural energy industry could be Rs.2000 K cr/yr.
± Make money but reduce margins for rural work.
± In this era of enhanced communication, creation of rural
wealth is in the interest of corporate India.
± Need for corporate world (CW) and NGOs to work
together for common good.
± Sensitization of CW regarding rural problems.
± NARIƎs center for sustainable development.
± Technologies developed by science NGOs can be
commercialized by CW.

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 K # 2
± The captains of corporate world need to reduce their
consumptive lifestyle. It is unsustainable.
± A very decent lifestyle is possible with energy
consumption of 50-50-70 GJ/person/yr. In India avg.
consumption is 18 GJ/person/yr. US is 350 GJ/p/y.
± If every citizen of the India follows US lifestyle we will
need all the resources of the world to sustain it.
± Spirituality can help in curbing the greed and making
us sustainable. High technology with spirituality
should be the mantra for development.
± Becoming sustainable in our personal lives and giving
something back to the society will help India become
a holistic and sustainable country.
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   3
Useful sites
± www.nariphaltan.org
± www.nariphaltan.org/ncsd (Sustainable center)
± www.nariphaltan.org/simplelife.htm (simple living)
± www.nariphaltan.org/writings.htm
(articles on spirituality, technology and sustainability)

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 About NARI
± Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) promotes Sustainable Rural
Development through Application of Science and Technology.
± NARI is an NGO and non-
non-profit research and development institute. It was
established in 1968 by Mr. B.V. Nimbkar who remained its first President till
1990. Since then Dr. Nandini Nimbkar has presided over the Institute.
± The centre is situated in the rural town of Phaltan in Maharashtra state.
Phaltan is about 100 km from Pune and 300 km south-
south-east of Mumbai.
± The Institute undertakes research and development in agriculture,
renewable energy, animal husbandry and sustainable development.

± " #
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± Phaltan--Lonand Road, Tambmal, P.O.Box 44,
Phaltan
Phaltan, 415523, Maharashtra (Telephone: 21 66 - 220945)
± /// (  #

Mumbai2010 21
 About ORF
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%is a leading non- non-partisan Indian Think
Tank that seeks to influence public policy formulation. It was established in New
Delhi in 1990 by the late R.K. Mishra, a widely respected public figure, who envisaged
it as a broad-
broad-based intellectual platform pulsating with ideas needed for IndiaƎs
nation--building. In its journey of twenty years, ORF has brought together leading
nation
Indian policymakers, academics, public figures, social activists and business leaders
to discuss various issues of national importance. ORF scholars have made significant
contributions toward improving government policies. ORF has so far produced a large
body of critically acclaimed publications.
± Until recently, ORFƎs activities were based mainly in New Delhi. Beginning in 2010,
ORF Mumbai has been established to pursue the FoundationƎs vision in IndiaƎs
business and financial capital. It has started research and advocacy in six broad
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champion the cause of balanced socio-socio-economic development and a better quality of
life for all Indians. It will also work towards strengthening India's democratic
institutions to become more responsible, responsive and sensitive to common
peopleƎs needs and concerns, especially those of the most vulnerable sections of
society.

Mumbai2010 22
± Some of the activities of ORF Mumbai so far:
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Ƌ ORF Mumbai has started a series of lectures by eminent scientists on
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Mumbai2010 23
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NKM International House, 5th Floor, 178, Backbay Reclamation,

Babubhai Chinai Marg, (Behind LIC - Yogakshema) Mumbai, 400 020, India
Tel: (+91 22) 3251 3591 Fax: (+91 22) 2288 6264
Website: www.orfonline.org


   

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