ILMU

TERNAK
UNGGA
S
SRI HARIMURTI
2014

Problem eggs (by the effect of

management) - 1
Problem
Muddy
eggs

Causes

Remedies

Muddy conditions

Improve area around

pop-hole entrances

Dirty litter

Replace litter regularly

Blood
Young stock
stains
coming into lay
on shells early

Do not give too much

light, too early, and
adjust light intensity with
dimmers

Overfeeding of
protein causing
oversized eggs

Adjust feeding
programme

Older stock laying

oversized eggs

Do not keep old birds in

the flock

If blood also in
Consult vet about
droppings suspect prescribing coccidiostat
coccidiosis

Problem eggs (by the effect of

management) - 2
Problem
Broken
or eaten
eggs

Causes

Remedies

To much light
early in day

Adjust the lighting

programme

Light intensity
too great

Use dimmers

Birds underfed

Adjust feeding
programme

Easy bird access

to eggs

Use rollway nest boxes or

fit vertically slit plastic
curtain

Infrequent egg
collection

Collect eggs frequently

Bored birds

Suspend cabbage greens

outside for them to peck

Inadequate grit
available

Make grit available

Problem eggs (by the effect of

management) - 3
Problem
Small
eggs

Causes
Inadequate
protein

Remedies
Adjust feeding
programme

Pullets in lay too Avoid giving artificial

early
light to early

Misshape
n eggs

Hot conditions

Provide adequate
insulation and ventilation
in the house
Provide shading outside
in the summer

Bird too old

See previous references

Stress and shock Avoid overcrowding and

sudden noises. Kepp dogs
away from site
Disease, e.g.

Consult vet if problem is

Problem eggs (by the effect of

management) - 4
Problem
Small
number
of eggs

Causes

Remedies

Unsuitable
breed

Buy modern, commercial

hybrid strains

Not enough
feed

Feed layers compound

ration with adequate level
of protei

Coping with
winter
conditions

Increase grain ration in

cold weather

Not enough
water

Improve access to water

Not enough
light

Provide extra light as

normal daylight dwindles

Eggs being
eaten

See references above

Eggs being

Check security of house

Problem eggs (by the effect of management) - 5

Problem

Soft shell
egg

Causes

Remedies

Egg being laid

elsewhere

Buy birds which are floor

reared, not cage reared.If
necessary, train birds to use
nest boxes. Make enough
nest boxes available. Check
for nest outside and remove
any. Place nest boxes below
windows, out of the light,
and provide adequate perch
access to them

Shortage of Ca
or too much P in
relation Ca

Feed a proper layers ration

where the balance is
correct.

First egg of
pullet coming
into lay

Nothing to worry about as

long as it does not contiue

Problem eggs (by the effect of management) - 6

Problem
Pale yolks

Causes

Remedies

Not enough
pigmen in feed

Use free range layers feed

with natural pigment or give
extra maize

If permanent
and
accompanied by
blood in
dropping ,
suspect of
coccidiosis

Consult vet and give

coccidiostat

Double
yolks

Fairly common in Not a problem and often

large eggs
popular with customers

Egg with
no yolk
(wind
egg)

Fairly
uncommon.
Usually the
result of sudden
shock. May

Avoid stress and noise

Problem eggs (by the effect of management) - 7

Problem
Causes
Blood
Result of
spot in
blood
egg
escaping from
ovarian
follicle
Parasitic Extremely
worm in rare and only
egg
in bird with a
high burden
of worm
infestation

Remedies
More common in old
birds. Avoid keeping
old stock. Candling and
breaking sample eggs
will help to maintain
egg quality
Ensure that free
ranging birds are
treated with fermifuge,
and that clean pasture
is regularly available

Problem eggs (by the effect of management) 8

Problem
Causes
Egg
Excess
with
fishmeal in
tasted
layers ration
fish or
garlic
Wild garlic
eaten on
pasture

Remedies
Check ration or use
layers ration based on
plant protein

Check site for plant

culprits

PROBLEM BIRDS - 1
Problem
Cause
Feather
Boredom
pecking
Inadequate
diet
Lice/mite
attack
Overcrowding
and stress

Ventpecking

Light intensity
too great
As above

Remedy
Suspend cabbage greens
for birds to peck
Feed properly with
balanced rations
Treat birds, house, nest
boxes and perches
Reduce stock density and
review management
practice
Reduce light intensity by
using dimming facility
As above

Prolapse of the More frequent in old hens

oviduct which where large eggs are laid.

PROBLEM BIRDS - 2
Problem
Cannibali
sm
Flighty
birds
Broody
birds

Cause
As for featherand ventpecking
More likely to
occur with
some of the old
breeds
More common
in the old
heavy breeds
and hybrids in
their second
year
Partly an
inherited
characteristic
Likely to be

Remedy
As above
Keep modern laying
hybrids bred for docility.
Trim flight feathers on one
wing in extreme cases
Keep modern layers and
avoid keeping old birds.
Dont leave eggs laying
around as invitation
Clear sites likely to be
used as unofficial nests
Remove culprit to cool

PROBLEM BIRDS - 3
Problem Cause
Egg
See references
eaters
in problem
eggs

Feather
loss

General loss
Excessive and
prolonged loss

Remedy
Collect eggs frequently.
Use rollway nest boxes. Try
a mustard-filled egg to
teach the culprit a lesson.
Get rid of the really
hardened criminals !
Normal moulting occurs
between egg-laying cycles
Suspect depluming mite
and great with appropriate
insecticide from vet.
Ensure feeding is
adequate

PROBLEM BIRDS - 4
Problem Cause
Excessive Too cold
feed
consumpti
on
Warm
infestation
Feed being
taken by
vermin

Remedy
Insulate house adequately.
If necessary, increase
grain ration
Treat with vermifuge from
the vet. Change litter and
rotate pasture more often
Check for presence of rats
and mice and take control
measures

Fahrenheit

10
0o
9
08o
0o
7
0o
6
0o
5
0o
4
0o
3
0o
2
0o
1
0o
0o

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
LAYING HEN

Danger of heat prostration

Increasing heat stress

Reducing egg size, thin shells, decreased

egg production
Panting begins
Increasing vaporization of water
Range of ideal temperature for laying
hens

Range of most difficulty with damp litter

FREEZING POINT OF WATER
Hens are uncomfortable of these
temperature
Hens
can longer maintain both normal temperature and
high
egg production
Activity
lossens, egg production drops
Combs begin to freeze

Spent Hen Management 1 :

Pengaruh lama pemuasaan dan umur saat

pemuasaanterhadap parameter produksi ayam
petelur afkir
Perlakuan

Parameter
15K 20K

25K

15S

20S

25S

15L

20L

Penurunan bobot badan

(%)

21,9

22,1

17,8

30,1

30,5 30,4

Lama tidak bertelur (hari)

10

13

16

18

Kembali bertelur (hari ke)

Produksi telur 10% (hari
ke)

15

14

15

20

23

25

15

15

17

25

25

30

Produksi telur 50%

18

20

31

28

26

46

Mortalitas selama puasa

(ekor)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mortalitas selama
penelitian
1
1
2
1
2
3
0
15,20,25 = umur ayam (bulan) S=puasa 5 hari; L=puasa 12
hari; K=kontrol

25L

Spent Hen Management 2:

Pengaruh induced molting terhadap

performan produksi ayam petelur afkir
Parameter
Konsumsi pakan
(g/ekor/hari)
Produksi telur (%HDA)
Konversi pakan
Parameter
Konsumsi pakan
(g/ekor/hari)
Produksi telur (%HDA)
Konversi pakan

I
15S

II
20S

114
114
80,16 74,05
2,1
2,2

Perlakuan
III
IV
25S
15L
96
39,77
3,6

Perlakuan
VII
VIII
IX
15K
20K
25K
112
111
92
72,79 74,51 32,22
2,4
2,3
4,4

V
20L

116
113
77,13 75,74
2,3
2,2

VI
25L
99
47,90
3,1