I WANT TO REVIEW BACK ON TOURISM

MANAGEMENT:
Strategies and actionsto
influence tourism supply and
visitor demand in order to
achieve defined policy goals
(Middleton, 1998).

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

How to influence tourism

supply?
Managing product, infrastructure,
physical environment, human
resource development.

How to influence demand?

Understanding demand, manage
choice of products, manage impacts
visitors produce.

TOURISM DEMAND/VISITORS MANAGEMENT

Have knowledge of visitor

(profiles, behavior, needs, trend)
Design of visitor products (Quality,
satisfaction, & cultural and
environmental friendly)
Have knowledge on capacity
Promotion (image, positioning,
provision of information)
Distribution of products, access
for customers
Pricing

Policy and regulation

MARKETING

POLICY

TOURISM SUPPLY MANAGEMENT

Regulation of land use

Regulation of environmental
impacts
Provision of infrastructure
Provision of training
Control of licensing
Provision of information
Financial management and
incentives

POLICY

Tourism Supply

Supply is about how to produce goods

and services to satisfy tourism demand.

What to produce and when?

Where and how to produce it?

Characteristics of Tourism
Supply/Products

Perishable

Intangible

Consumer inseparable from product

Open to many uncontrollable variables.

Tourism Supply
What is a tourism product comprised of?

Transport
Accommodation
Attractions
Activities
Souvenirs
Food and Beverage etc.

Supply Involves Resources/Attractions and Activities

Natural
Resources/Attractions
Water
Topography
Vegetation
Wildlife
Climate

Man Made
Resources/Attractions
Theme parks
Museums and Galleries
Heritage sites
Craft Centers
Nature Parks
Entertainment Complexes
Health Spas
Casinos

Supply: Activities
Activities

Sightseeing
Recreational
Entertainment
Shopping
Learning

Festivals
MICE: meetings, incentives,
conferences, events
Sports-related tourism

Supply: Accommodation/Lodging
Fundamental to tourism
Requires big capital investment
Supply needs to be linked with visitation
levels and projected growth
Too much will loose money
Too little will stifle growth

Supply: Transport
It is the link between generating region &
destination region; tourist and destination.
Departing Travellers

Tourist
Generating
Region

Transit Route Region

Returning Travellers

Tourist
Destination
Region

Supply: Transport
If transport supply breaks down the entire
tourism collapses.
Departing Travellers

Tourist
Generating
Region

Transit Route Region

Returning Travellers

Tourist
Destination
Region

Supply: Institutional Support

Public and Private sector
bodies managing the
supply of tourism services
DMO Ministry of Tourism
NTOs
Institutions training quality
tourism employees
Banks

Supply: Other tourist facilities

Healthcare
Power
Water
Sewerage
Roads
Airports

Parts of the services

for residents, supplied
by public sector
suppliers

Supply: Travel & Tourism Intermediaries

Package the elements of supply that make
up a tourism product.
These are often huge multi-national
companies who generate economies of
scale via bulk purchases of plane seats
and hotel rooms which are sold to
consumers at a profit.
Consumers cant get the same rate even if
they approach principles i.e. suppliers
directly.

Vertical Integration
Promotion and
Distribution

Retail Travel Agents

Intermediaries

Inbound/Outbound
Tour Operators

Suppliers

Airlines
Attractions
Accommodation

Horizontal Integration

Companies merge with or take over

other companies on the same level
so they can achieve greater overall
market share, economies of scale
and geographic coverage.

Horizontal Integration
Retail Travel Agents

Retail Travel Agents

Tour Operators /
Wholesalers

Tour Operators /
Wholesalers

Airlines

Airlines

Attractions

Attractions

Accommodation

Accommodation