Design of Dual

Frequency Rectangular
Patch Antenna in Ku
Band Using
HFSS
By
J L N Swathi

Under The Guidance of

Dr.P.Siddaiah,
DEAN & Professor,ANUCET

Objective
To design a
dual frequency
rectangular patch antenna
which operates in Ku Band

Contents
Different shapes of Patches and Rectangular Patch Antenna
Dual Frequency Antenna
Ku Band
Different Feeding Techniques and Microstrip Feed
HFSS
Proposed Antenna Model
Design Considerations
Designed Antenna without shorting pin and its results
Designed antenna with shorting pin and its results
Comparison of simulated Results for antennas with and
without shorting pin.
Conclusion and References

Literature Review

Studied about Microstrip antennas:

Bimal Garg, Rahul Dev Verma, Ankit Samadhiya presented
the steps to design a rectangular microstrip patch antenna.
Studied about dual freuency operation:
S. Maci and G. Bifji Gentili proposed different methods to
obtain dual frequency.
Studied about shorting pin technique:
Pradeep Kumar, G. Singh proposed in detail about shorting
pin technique.

Common Shapes of Microstrip

Patches

Rectangular Patch Antenna

Also known as a rectangular micro strip antenna .

It is a type of radio antenna which can be mounted on
a flat surface.
It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or "patch" of
metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called
a ground plane.
A patch antenna is usually constructed on
a dielectric substrate.
For the antenna to be resonant, Microstrip feed is
used.

Rectangular Patch Antenna

(Normal View)

Rectangular Patch Antenna

(View in HFSS Window)

Advantages of Rectangular
Patch Antennas

Low cost
Low profile
Light weight
Low power handling capacity
Easy to fabricate and integrate
Omni directional radiation pattern
Capable of dual and triple frequency operations
Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid
surfaces

Dual Frequency Antenna

Definition:
Operates at two separate transmit-receive bands.

Advantages:
Alternative to large-bandwidth planar antennas
When the two operating frequencies are far apart ,a
dual-frequency patch structure can be conceived to
avoid the use of separate antennas

Ku Band
Ku band:

The is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in

the microwave range of frequencies.
Ku refers to K-under in other words, the band
directly below the K-band.
In radar applications, it ranges from 12-18 GHz
IEEE Ku band:
Frequency range12-18 GHz
Wavelength range 2.51.67 cm

Feeding Techniques for Patch

antennas

Microstrip Line Feed

Aperture-coupled feed

Coaxial Probe feed

Proximity-coupled Feed

Microstrip Feed
Definition:
Microstrip feed is a type of electrical transmission
line.
It can be fabricated using printed circuit
board technology.
It is used to convey microwave-frequency signals.
Advantages:
Less expensive than
traditional waveguide technology
Lighter
A -Conductor,B-Air,
Compact
C-Dielectric,
D-Ground

HFSS
HFSS:
It is a Antenna Design Software.
The acronym is High frequency structural
simulator.
Uses:
Antenna design
Design of complex RF electronic circuit elements
including filters, transmission lines & packaging.

HFSS Software Window

Proposed Antenna Model

Design Considerations

Length of the patch 0.4616 cm

Width of the patch 0.6874 cm
Substrate Used FR4
Dielectric Constant of substrate is 4.4
Height of Dielectric Substrate is 0.158 cm
Length of Dielectric Substrate is 3 cm
Width of Dielectric Substrate is 3 cm
Operating Frequency is 13.28 GHz in Kuband

Design Considerations
Equations to calculate length and width of patch
Calculation of Width (W)

c = free space velocity of light

r = Dielectric constant of substrate
The effective dielectric constant of the rectangular microstrip patch
antenna

Design Considerations
Equations to calculate length and width of patch
The actual length of the Patch (L)
Where

Calculation of Length Extension

Designed Antenna without

shorting pin

Designed Antenna without

shorting pin

Results of antenna without

Return Loss
shorting
pin

Results of antenna without

3D Polar Plot
shorting pin

Results of antenna without

VSWR Plotpin
shorting

Results of antenna without

E Field
Radiation over
shorting
pinpatch

Results of antenna without

H Field
Radiation over
shorting
pinpatch

Results of antenna without

Antenna Parameters
shorting pin
Quantity

Value

Peak Directivity

4.44111

Peak Gain

3.46607

Peak Realized Gain

2.11046

Radiated Power

0.475211(W)

Accepted Power

0.608893(W)

Incident Power

1(W)

Radiation Efficiency

0.780451

Design using Shorting Pin

Use Of Shorting Technique
Pin:
Top View

Zoomed Side View

Shorting Pin

Design Considerations
Design Parameter
Operating Frequency
Dielectric Constant of the

Value
13.28 GHz
4.4

substrate
height of the substrate

0.157 cm

Length of substrate

3 cm

Width of substrate

3 cm

Height of shorting pin

0.157 cm

Radius of shorting pin

0.2 mm

Design Parameter
Shorting pin
Substrate

Material
PEC (Perfect Electric
Conductor)
FR4

Results of antenna using

Return Loss
Shorting
Pin

Results of antenna using

3D Polar Plot
Shorting Pin

Results of antenna using

VSWR PlotPin
Shorting

Results of antenna using

E Field
Radiation over
Shorting
Pinpatch

Results of antenna using

H Field
Radiation over
Shorting
Pinpatch

Results of antenna using

Antenna
Parameters
Shorting
Pin
Quantity

Value

Peak Directivity

4.49891

Peak Gain

3.50529

Peak Realized Gain

2.2802

Radiated Power

0.506835(W)

Accepted Power

0.650504(W)

Incident Power

1(W)

Radiation Efficiency

0.779142

Compared Results of antennas

with and without shorting pin
Return Loss

Compared Results
3D Polar Plot

For Antenna Without Shorting pin

For Antenna With Shorting pin

Compared Results
VSWR Plot

Compared Results
Antenna Parameters
Quantity

Value without
Shorting Pin

Value with
shorting pin

Peak Directivity

4.43096

4.49891

Peak Gain

3.4564

3.50529

Peak Realized Gain

2.11367

2.2802

Radiated Power

0.477024(W)

0.506835(W)

Accepted Power

0.611525(W)

0.650504(W)

Radiation Efficiency

0.780056

0.779142

PublicationDetails
1.

J L N Swathi, P.Siddaiah Design of Dual Frequency Rectangular Patch

Antenna Operating in Ku-Band, International Journal of Innovative
Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control
Engineering (IJIREEICE), ISSN: 2321 2004, Vol. 2, Issue 6, June
2014.
Link:
http://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2014/june/IJIREEICE2B%20%20sw
athi%20Design%20of%20dual.pdf

2. J L N Swathi, P.Siddaiah Comparison of Dual Frequency Rectangular

Patch Antenna with and without Shorting Pin, International Journal
of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), ISSN: 2321-0869,
Volume-2, Issue-8, August 2014.
Link:
https://www.erpublication.org/admin/vol_issue1/upload%20Image/I
JETR022222.pdf

Publication 1: Journal IJIREEICE

Publication 1: Journal IJIREEICE

Publication 2: Journal IJETR

Conclusion

After simulation, the characteristics of the proposed

antennas are given as follows..
Both antennas obtained dual band at 12.33 GHz and
15.33 GHz frequencies with an operational band widths of
0.7 GHz (12 to 12.7 GHz) and 0.97 GHz (14.83 to
15.8 GHz)
Gain of antenna is 3.505 dB
Directivity of antenna is 4.498 and return loss of 17.54 dB
and 25.49 dB.
So it can be clearly say that characteristics of proposed
antenna enhanced at many parameters and this antenna is
perfect for applications such as radar communication,
military communication, satellite communications, most
notably for fixed and broadcast services

References
[1] R. Azim, M. T. Islam, and N.Misran, Dual polarized microstrip patch antenna
for Ku-band application, Informacije MIDEM,vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 114117, 2011.
[2] J.-W. Wu, H.-M. Hsiao, J.-H. Lu, and S.-H. Chang, Dual broadband design of
rectangular slot antenna for 2.4 and 5GHz wireless communication,
Electronics Letters, vol. 40, no. 23, pp.14611463, 2004.
[3] S. K. Dubey, S. K. Pathak, and K. K.Modh, High gain multiple resonance Kuband microstrip patch antenna, in Proceedings of the IEEE Applied
Electromagnetics Conference, pp. 1-3,Kolkata,India, December 2011.
[4] N. Misran, M. T. Islam, N. M. Yusob, and A. T. Mobashsher,Design of a
compact dual band microstrip antenna for ku-band application, in
Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and
Informatics (ICEEI 09), vol. 2, pp.699702, Selangor, Malaysia, August 2009.
[5] M. T. Islam, N. Misran, and A. T. Mobashsher, Compact dual band microstrip
antenna for Ku-band application, Information Technology Journal, vol. 9, no.
2, pp. 354358, 2010.

References
[6] http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/378420/ Dual-Band Operation
of a Microstrip Patch Antenna on a Duroid 5870 Substrate for Ku- and KBands.
[7] C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, 2nd Ed., John wily & sons, Inc., NewYork.1982.
[8] Girish Kumar and K.P.Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Artech
House.
[9] Debatosh Guha and Yahia M.M.Antar, Microstrip and Printed Antennas, John
wily & sons, Inc.
[10] Randy Bancroft, Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design, 2nd Edition,
SciTech Publishing, Inc.
[11] M. Sanad,Effect of the shorting posts on short circuit microstrip antennas,
Proceedings, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium, pp. 794-797, 1994.

References
[12] Pradeep Kumar, "Microstrip Antennas Loaded with Shorting Post", Scientific
reasearch engineering,June 2009.
[13] R. Porath, Theory of miniaturized shorting-post micro-strip antennas, IEEE
Transactions, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 41-47, 2000.
[14] Bimal Garg, Rahul Dev Verma, Ankit Samadhiya Design of Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna Incorporated with Innovative Metamaterial
Structure for Dual band operation and Amelioration in Patch Antenna
Parameters with Negative and , International Journal of Engineering and
Technology, 1 (3) (2012) 205-216.
[15] B. F. Wang and Y. T. Lo, Microstrip Antenna for Dual-Frequency Operation,
IEEE Trunsactions on Antennas and Propagation,AP-32, 9, September 1984,
pp. 938-943.
[16] Apeksha S. Chavan , Prof. Pragnesh N. Shah , Seema Mishra , Analysis of Dual
Frequency Microstrip Antenna Using Shorting Wall, International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO
9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013)

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