Dr C.

CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL &
CENSUS COMMISSIONER,
INDIA

A Slum in Delhi

Definition of a Slum
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been
defined as residential areas where dwellings are
unfit for human habitation by reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements
and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty
arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or
sanitation facilities or any combination of these
factors which are detrimental to the safety and
health.

Identification of Slums in
Census
For the purpose of Census, slums have been
categorized and defined as of the following three
types:
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums

Identification of Slums
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
All notified areas in a town or city
notified as Slum by State, UT
Administration or Local Government
under any Act including a Slum Act

Identification of Slums
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
All areas recognised as Slum by State, UT
Administration or Local Government, Housing
and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act

Identification of Slums
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested
tenements,
in
unhygienic
environment
usually
with
inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).

Data on Slum from Census

It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing
stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting
and Housing Census are being released
In Census 2001, information on Slums were released
only on demographic characteristics based on the
Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks
were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of
20,000 by the local authorities at the time of Population
Enumeration phase
In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in
all statutory towns irrespective of population size.

Census 2011
Results

Towns Reporting Slums

India : Census 2011
Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns
in Census 2011 Slums
reported from 2,543 Towns
(63%)
Total Slum Enumeration
Blocks (SEBs) in Census
2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the
country
Largest number of Slum EBs
reported from Maharashtra
(21,359)

Number of Slum Blocks by

Type of Slums India :
Census 2011
Notified Slums

37,072

Recognised Slums

30,846

Identified Slums

40,309

Total:

1,08,227 Blocks

Households by Type of
Slums India : Census
2011

Notified Slums

49.65 lakh HHs

Recognised Slums

37.96 lakh HHs

Identified Slums

49.88 lakh HHs

Total:

137.49 lakh HHs

Slum & Non-Slum Households

India 2011

Indicator

Number of
households
(in lakh)

Total (Urban)

789

Slum

137

Non-Slum

652

Number of households (in %)

Slum

17.4

Non-Slum

82.6

Number of Slum Households in

Million Plus Cities
Indicator
Number of Slum Households

Number

(in lakh)

Total (Slum)

137

Slum in Million Plus Cities

52

Slum in other Cities

85

Number of Slum Households

(in %)

Slum in Million Plus Cities

38.1

Slum in other Cities

61.9

38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million

Plus Cities

Top/Bottom 5 States
Reporting Slum
Households
Top 5 States
State

Proportion of Slum
HHs to Urban HHs
(%)

Bottom 5 State

Andhra Pradesh

35.7

Chhattisgarh

31.9

Madhya Pradesh

28.3

Chandigarh#

9.7

Odisha

23.1

Gujarat

6.7

West Bengal

21.9

Jharkhand

5.3

Assam

4.8

Kerala

1.5

State

Proportion of
Slum HHs to
Urban HHs (%)

Percenta
ge of
Slum HHs
to Total
Urban
HHs

Proportion of Slum
Households in Metros - 2011

Million Plus Cities

Proportion of Slum
HHs to Total Urban
HHs (%)

Greater Mumbai (M Corp.)

41.3

Kolkata (M Corp.)

29.6

Chennai (M Corp.)

28.5

Delhi Municipal Corp (U)

14.6

BBMP (M Corp.)

8.5

Million Plus Cities with High

Proportion of Slum HHs (Top
10 only) - 2011
Million Plus Cities

Proportion of Slum HHs to

Total Urban HHs (%)

1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp.

44.1

2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB)

43.3

3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.)

41.3

4. Vijayawada (M Corp.)

40.6

5. Meerut (M Corp.)

40.0

6. Raipur (M Corp.)

39.0

7. Nagpur (M Corp.)

34.3

8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC)

31.9

9. Kota (M Corp.)

31.8

10. Agra (M Corp.)

29.8

Use of Occupied Census Houses

India : 2011
INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)
Use of Census House

Urban

Slum

Total Occupies Census Houses

990

160

Residence

761

133

24

3.9

107

10.8

School/College, etc

0.5

Hotel/Lodge/Guest House

0.4

Hospital/ Dispensary, etc

0.3

15

0.9

59

Residence-cum-other use
Shop/Office

Factory/ Workshop, etc

Place of worship
Other non-residential use
Locked Census Houses

Use of Occupied Census Houses

India : 2011
INDIA (in %)
Use of Census House

Urban

Slum

100.0

100.0

76.9

82.5

2.4

2.4

10.8

6.7

School/College, etc

0.4

0.3

Hotel/Lodge/Guest House

0.4

0.2

Hospital/ Dispensary, etc

0.3

0.2

Factory/ Workshop, etc

1.5

1.2

Place of worship

0.6

0.6

Other non-residential use

6.0

5.1

Locked Census House

0.7

0.6

Total Occupies Census Houses

Residence
Residence-cum-other use
Shop/Office

A Lane in a Slum

Households by Type of Census

Houses India
HHs (in %)

Type

Urban

Slum

Permanent

84.3

77.7

Semi-permanent

11.6

16.0

Temporary

3.2

5.3

Any other

0.9

1.0

Slum
Household
s by
Structure
of Census
Houses
(Permanent
)

View of a Slum in Delhi

Households by Number of Room

India
HHs (in %)

Number of Room

Urban

Slum

No exclusive room

3.1

4.4

One room

32.1

44.8

Two room

30.6

29.5

Three room

18.4

12.3

Four room

9.3

5.4

Five rooms and above

6.5

3.5

Households by Household Size

India

HHs (in %)

Household Size

Urban

Slum

1 member

3.6

3.7

2 members

9.5

9.5

3 members

15.9

14.9

4 members

26.4

25.1

5 members

18.5

19.4

6 to 8 members

20.6

22.2

5.4

5.2

9 and above members

Households by Number of Married

Couples India
HHs (in %)

Number of married couples

Urban

Slum

None

12.7

13.6

71.1

72.1

12.6

11.3

2.8

2.4

0.6

0.5

5 and above

0.2

0.1

Households by Ownership Status

India
HHs (in %)

Ownership Status of Census House

Urban

Slum

Owned

69.2

70.2

Rented

27.5

26.3

Others

3.3

3.5

Source of Drinking Water India

HHs (in %)

Source of drinking water

1. Tap

Urban

Slum

70.6

74.0

62.0

65.3

8.6

8.7

6.2

3.0

11.9

12.7

4. Tube well / Borehole

8.9

7.6

5. Other sources

2.5

2.8

From treated source

From untreated source
2. Well
3. Hand pump

Waiting for Water Supply

Location of Drinking Water Source

India
HHs (in %)

Location

Urban

Slum

1. Within premises

71.2

56.7

2. Outside premises

28.8

43.3

Slum HHs
by Location
Drinking
Water
Source
(Within
premises)

Source of Lighting India

HHs (in %)

Source of lighting
1. Electricity

Urban
92.7

Slum
90.5

2. Kerosene

6.5

8.2

3. Solar

0.2

0.3

4. Other oil

0.1

0.2

5. Any other

0.2

0.2

6. No lighting

0.3

0.5

Slum HHs
by Fuel
Used for
Cooking
(LPG/PNG)

Availability of Bathing Facility within

Premises - India
HHs (in %)

Bathing Facility
1. Have facility
(a) Bathroom
(b) Enclosure without roof
2. Does not have facility

Urban

Slum

87.0

81.0

77.5

66.6

9.5

14.5

13.0

19.0

Drainage Connectivity for Waste

Water Outlet India
HHs (in %)

Drainage connectivity

Urban

Slum

1. Closed drainage

44.5

36.9

2. Open drainage

37.3

44.3

3. No drainage

18.2

18.8

Type of Latrine Facility India

HHs (in %)

Type of latrine
1. Latrine within the premises

Urban

Slum

81.4

66.0

72.6

57.7

(b) Pit latrine

7.1

6.2

Other latrine

1.7

2.2

18.6

34.0

6.0

15.1

12.6

18.9

(a) Water closet

2. No latrine within premises

(a) Public latrine
(b) Open

Availability of Kitchen India

HHs (in %)

Availability of kitchen

Urban

Slum

100.0

100.0

95.8

94.1

(a) Has kitchen

77.8

65.3

(b) Does not have kitchen

18.0

28.8

3.7

5.4

(a) Has kitchen

1.6

2.0

(b) Does not have kitchen

2.0

3.4

0.5

0.5

Total
1. Cooking inside house:

2. Cooking outside house

3. No cooking

Fuel used for Cooking India

HHs (in %)

Fuel used for cooking

1. Fire-wood

Urban

Slum

20.1

25.8

2. Crop residue

1.4

1.6

3. Cow dung cake

1.7

2.1

4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal

2.9

3.9

5. Kerosene

7.5

14.0

6. LPG/ PNG

65.0

51.3

7. Electricity

0.1

0.1

8. Biogas

0.4

0.5

9. Any other

0.2

0.3

10. No cooking

0.5

0.5

Households Availing Banking

Services India
HHs (in %)

Availing Banking Services

Urban

Slum

1. Availing

67.8

53.2

2. Not availing

32.2

46.8

Household Possessing Various

Assets India
HHs (in %)

Asset

Urban

Slum

1. Radio/Transistor

25.3

18.7

2. Television

76.7

69.6

3. Computer

18.7

10.4

8.3

3.3

10.4

7.1

With Internet
Without Internet

Household Possessing Various

Assets India
HHs (in %)

Asset

Urban

Slum

82.0

72.7

Landline only

5.9

4.4

Mobile only

64.3

63.5

Both

11.7

4.8

6. Bicycle

41.9

40.2

7. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped

35.2

22.0

8. Car/Jeep/Van

9.7

3.6

9. None of the specified assets

7.0

10.7

5. Telephone

63.5% HHs in
Slums in India
has Mobile

Slum HHs
Having
None of the
Specified
Assets

Life in a Slum

Life in a Slum

For more details visit:

censusindia.gov.in

THANK YOU