050 Week 7

Collect Reading Journal 3
Quiz: Reading & Grammar

Reading: Unit 4A
Pre-reading p.49 50
Read p.51 52
Comprehension p.53
Grammar: Ch.6 Present Perfect
Introduction
Writing
Speed-write 4 paragraph collect
Supporting (details) sentences
introduction
Today
11/2
Homework:
Reading: Unit 4A Vocab

logs
Grammar: Read p.90
91
Writing: Finish speed
write 4 paragraph
Mid-term exam TAKE HOME

*Your mid-term test is a take-home
test
*Answer the questions HONESTLY
no copying
*This is 50 points!
*Give it to me by next MONDAY!
Grammar:
Check homework from last week

(handout)
Quiz Reading & Grammar
Clean off your desk

Take some time to study review
The quizzes will begin soon
Before reading
Think about these questions share your
thoughts with a partner
1.
2.
3.
4.
What do you know about space?

What do you want to know about space?
Why should we study space?
Do you like reading about science? Why yes why
no
Before reading
Look at the picture on pg.49
What do you see in the photo?
This is a picture of the Endeavor Space
Shuttle taking off
What is a space shuttle?
Does your country have people going to space or are in
space at the space station?
Before reading
Look at the picture on pg.49
Look at the warm- up questions ask these

to your partner
Before Reading
Vocabulary Preview What do you think these
words mean? (Dont look at your book)
Entire
Identity
Allow
Messages
Circle
Powerful
Contact
Search for
distance
tools
Before Reading
Lets first think about space words
-
Universe
Galaxy
Stars
Planets
Dust
Gases
Solar systems
Moons
sun
Which word can be used to talk about all of

space?
Which word talks about a group of stars, planets,
dust and gases?
Within galaxies are solar systems of planets and
moons
Before Reading
What are you talking about teacher?
Lets take a look:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=svvwv5oAf4I
Before Reading
What is the Keplar space telescope?
Take a look
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
CCWXrl-CsQY
Before Reading
Okay lets get to work on p.50
Before Reading
Skimming what do you think the main idea

of the reading will be?
Unit 4A Reading
Lets read page 51 think about those

skimming questions and circle any words or
phrases you dont know
Unit 4A Reading
Comprehension questions
What is the main purpose of this reading?
b. To explain why we might find intelligent
life outside of Earth
Look at line 6
Unit 4A Reading
What could be another title for this
paragraph?
d. Communicating with Intelligent Life
The title also states the main idea.
Unit 4A Reading
Which reason for the existence of intelligent life is
NOT mentioned (said)?
d. Some other planets in the Milky Way have water
We find this answer by the process of elimination, the
other options can be found in the reading
Unit 4A Reading
What kinds of planets are most likely to have
intelligent life?
b. Earth size planets in other solar systems
Answer can be found in lines 17 - 18
Unit 4A Reading
Why doesnt Shostak think intelligent beings have
visited Earth?
d. The distance to Earth is too great
From line 21
Unit 4A Reading
In lines 25 26, what does life forms refer to?
C - beings
Unit 4A Reading
Why does Shostak think we may make contact with
intelligent life within the next 20 years?
A. We will have better technology to receive their
messages
From lines 24 - 25
Unit 4A Reading
NOW you make 2 or 3 comprehension questions
- Who?
- What?
- Which?
- Why?
- How
When done lets write some on the board
Reading: Unit 4A Vocab Logs

Please complete your vocab logs
and give them to me tomorrow.
Grammar: Review the tenses

Work with a partner and a write a
sentence for each tense:
Simple present
Present continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Grammar: Review the tenses

What does your verb look like in
the ?
Simple present
Present continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Grammar: Present Perfect
Do you know what the present

perfect tense is?
What verb forms do we use?
Why do we use it?
Do you have a similar tense like this
in your first language?
Okay lets watch a video on some

examples..
=P5xPV2PJuSg

So from the video can you figure out the
form of the present perfect?
Subject + have/has
__________+ Verb - past participle.
What does past participle mean?

Past participle added to the verb form used to form
the perfect tense.
Regular verb + past participle ends with ed.
Others are irregular.

For example!
Subject + have/has
__________+ Verb - past participle.
She has cleaned the bathroom.

+ed (past participle)
clean (base form of the verb)
Lets take a closer look are you

ready?!
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
past perfect tense

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
present perfect tense
SIMPLE
FORM
finish
stop
wait
IRREGULAR see
VERBS
make
put
REGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
seen
made
put
4-1 LETS PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stopped
gone
taken
written
He has finished all his work.

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

STATEMENT:
have/has + past participle
(a) I have worked very hard this year.

(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
CONTRACTION
: THE
pronoun
+ have
= ve
4-2 FORMS OF
PRESENT
PERFECT
pronoun + has =ks
(d) Ive/Youve/Weve/Theyve gone home.

(e) Shes/Hes gone home.
(f) Its been hot all week.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
(g) I have not gone home yet.

(h) Fatima has not gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
have + not = havent

has + not = hasnt
(g) I havent gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasnt gone home.
(i) Have you read

the report?
QUESTION
: THE PRESENT PERFECT
4-2 FORMS OF
have/has + subject + past participle
(j) Has Marcy gone home?

(k) How long have you worked there?
No, I havent. I
(l) have only read a
few pages.
Have you read all

of this article?
SHORT ANSWER:
have/havent
(m)
Has Kyung
finished her
homework?
Yes, she has. She

did it after school.
SHORT ANSWER:
has/hasnt
4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
you
touch
ever
Have you ever touched a snake?

___________________
4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
touch
never
Ive never touched

No, ________________
a snake.
4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
_________________
Has
Justin ever seen a shark?
Justin
see
ever
4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Yes, he has
___. He saw one near Cape Town,
South Africa.
MEANINGS
OF THE PRESENT Zoe
PERFECT
Tyler 4-3
has
taken his
hasnt walked
first steps.
by herself yet.

Lets practice a little: reviewing the
simple past with past participle forms
(handout)
Homework: read pg. 90 91 in

your grammar book
Writing: Review
Lets review the parts of a paragraph
before going on to talk about supporting
details
Writing Paragraph Introduction
Layer 1 = topic
sentence
3 layers of
Layer 1 = topic
supporting
sentence
details
Bottom layer =
concluding
sentence
Paragraph Outline Parts of a

Paragraph
A. Topic sentence tells reader what the paragraph is about
the main idea sets up the whole paragraph
B. Supporting Ideas connected to the topic, there are
usually 3 supporting idea sentences
C. Concluding sentence reminds the reader what they just read
WRITING- TOPIC SENTENCES
1. IT CONTROLS OR GUIDES THE WHOLE PARAGRAPH.
Think about your writing.

Do your topic sentences
control or guide the whole
paragraph?
2. A GOOD TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT A GENERAL FACT

THAT EVERYONE ACCEPTS AS TRUE.
For example, a bad topic sentence

would be, Libraries have books.
We know this is true and is not
really an opinion. Its not a good
choice for a topic sentence.
2. A GOOD TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT A GENERAL FACT

THAT EVERYONE ACCEPTS AS TRUE.
A better topic sentence would be:

Libraries are great resources of
technology.
Writing: supporting details

Today we are going to look at supporting
details in a paragraph. Think about
these questions:
What makes a good supporting
sentence?
What are the different kinds of
supporting sentences?
Ho do the supporting sentences relate
to the topic sentence?

Supporting sentences always relate to the topic sentence
and its controlling idea(s). They SUPPORT your topic. They
are also the MEAT of your paragraph (they give you all the
information).

Lets work on this Look at this sentence answer these
questions.
One of the best cities to visit on the east coast of the U.S. is New
York City.
What is the main idea?
(circle)
What is the controlling idea (underline)
What kind of information will we find in the paragraph?

Why its the best place to visit, what you can do there
Now you practice use the handout
Reading: Unit 4 Vocab

logs
Grammar: Read p.90
91
Reading: Unit 4A
Vocabulary Review
P.55
Skill p. 54
Grammar: Ch. 6
Review p.90 91
Form p.92 94
Writing:
Collect Speed write 4 paragraph
Speed write 5
Supporting sentences continued
Today
11/3
Homework:
Grammar: p.94
B2
Writing: Speed
write 5 outlines
Vocabulary Review
Guessing Game !
-
Each person gets a word

You think of a meaning for your word
Come to the front of the class and say your meaning
The class guesses your word
Vocabulary Review Unit 4
Lets do the work on p.55

Extra practice handout
Reading: Skill
Do you remember brainstorming?
Beautiful
beaches
Amazing
sunsets
Ideal travel
destination =
Hawaii
Delicious
food
Great hiking
Reading: Skill
We can use brainstorming skills to write a summary
about what we read.
Reading: Skill
In the center we can put the main idea of the reading.
Then we can add on the key concepts to the main idea.
Next we link in words or phrases found in the reading
related to the key concepts
Key
concept
Words or phrases
Key
concept
Main
idea
Words or phrases
Reading: Skill
There are different ways to make a concept maphow do they
work?
Reading: Skill
work?
Reading: Skill
work?
Reading: Skill
work?
Reading: Skill
Lets practice this as groups.
Each group will create a concept map for one of the
readings in the book. Use the handout to complete the
concept map. Share your concept map with the clas
Group 1: Unit 2A
Group 2: Unit 2B
Group 3: Unit 3A
Group 4: Unit 3B
Grammar: Ch. 6 Present Perfect

Why do we use the present perfect?
We use it to show continuity between past
and present time. It is used to describe an
action that began in the past and continues
up to or into the present time. (I have lived
here for 8 years)

How do we use the present perfect?
We use past participles with the base form of
the verb or irregular verbs (been, eaten).
We also use auxiliary verbs has and have.

Thinking about Form:
Identify: Lets read sentences 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b
in the box on pg. 92
Which two sentences are in the simple past?
1b & 2a Why?

1a is a present perfect sentence. How many
parts of the verb do we see? two
1b. He crossed the Atlantic in 1999.
1a. He has crossed the Atlantic in 1999.

How do these two sentences differ?
1b. He crossed the Atlantic in 1999.

The simple past sentence (1b) has one
verb and the present perfect has two.

Recognize
They have flown to Paris many times.
What are the verb forms in the second sentence? In the first?
1a uses a past participle, right? It looks

like the simple past right??

Recognize
We call this regular past participle because it is the regular (base

form) of the verb with ed on it.

Recognize
They have flown to Paris many times.

We call flown an irregular verb because fly cannot be made into
flied you have to change the spelling!

Label:
Find and underline the other regular (base
form) and irregular present perfect verbs in
the article (p.90 91)

Label: which ones are regular, which ones are irregular?
Line 1- has been
Line 7 have listed
Line 11 has traveled
Line 13 has been
Line 19 has traveled
Line 20 has experienced, hes traveled
Line 22 have (ever) been, hes faced
Line 25 hasnt been
Line 31 has done
Line 32 has spent
Line 33 has learned
Line 36 have come
Line 38 has returned
Read the form charts on page 92 93 / Pay attention to the

subject verb formations

Now work with a partner and DO THIS:
Write one affirmative present perfect sentence
Write one negative sentence
Write one yes / no question
Write one information question

Listening for form pg.94 B1
HOMEWORK: pg.94 B2

Lets do some extra practice with verb forms! Yippee!
Moving Around With

Talk to at least 5 people.
Grammar
Have you ever seen an alligator?
Have you ever been to Las Vegas?
Have you ever jumped out of a plane?
Have you ever petted a monkey?
Have you ever ridden on a motorcycle?
Have you ever picked up a snake?
Have you ever trained a pet to do something?
Have you ever cheated on a test?
Have you ever been to Canada?
Writing: speed write 4

I am giving you back your speed write 4 paragraphs.
Please take a look. I will come around and answer
your questions.
Writing: Supporting details

There are different kinds of supporting sentences in a
paragraph, because it depends on what you want to
say.

Match the type of sentence with the sentence example
The family moved from the village to the city for
money reasons.
Explain, describe, give reasons, give facts, give
examples, define

My grandmother makes quilts, which are special
kinds of blankets made with cloth.
examples, define

Oranges are very popular. For example, they sell out
every year at the farmers market in July.
examples, define

She lived in a lovely, three-story castle surrounded by
a huge and green forest.
examples, define

Larry finally quit his job because it was too stressful
for him.
examples, define

More than ten percent % of the schools students are
from other countries.
examples, define

We can think of these things when we want to write
supporting details from our topic sentence
When writing our supporting details we should think of
who, what, where, when, why and how questions

Lets work this out together - handout
Grammar p.94 B2
Reading: Unit 4A
Vocabulary Review
Summarizing practice
Grammar: Ch. 6
Check HW
Review
Reduced form have & has p.96
Extra Practice
Writing:
Collect Speed write 4 re-writes
Supporting Sentences work
Today
11/4
Homework:
Grammar:
practice handout
Writing: practice
handout
Reading: review
vocabulary
Vocabulary Review Activity

Matching
1. Each group gets a set of vocab words
2. Each group gets a set of meaning strips
3. Work together to match the meaning with the
definition
Reading: Unit 4A Review

Think about these questions discuss with a partner
1. After reading this article do you think there is life
on other planets?
2. What new things did you learn from this story?
3. What does circle mean on pg.51?
4. Are you interested in studying more about
space, after reading this article?
Reading: Unit 4A Review

Lets write a summary about Unit 4A
1. First go back to p.51 52
2. Answer the Wh-questions on your handout
3. Work together and write a summary
Grammar: Check Homework
Lets look at your homework page 94 B2
Grammar: Check Homework
Lets look at your homework page 94 B2
Present Perfect:
Past Participle
Be verb
Simple form : be
Simple present : am, is, are
Simple past : was/were
Past participle : been
Present Perfect: past participle of

be verb
Subject + have + been (past participle)

Example:
I have been to Costa Rica.
Present Perfect:
regular verbs
Subject + have + past participle (-ed)
Example:
I have lived in Seattle since 1990.
Present Perfect:
irregular verbs
Subject + have + past participle
Most verbs in English are irregular. You as a learner of
English will need to become familiar with the past participle of
irregular verbs.
Grammar: Informally speaking

When speaking with has and have we can
sometimes shorten the sentence look at pg.95 &
listen
Grammar: Informally speaking

The form on the recording is considered more informal
English.
What kinds of speaking situations are informal?
Should we write the same way we speak English?
Grammar: in the news

We can use the present perfect to write news stories
Take a look at the handout and work on finding the
present perfect verbs.
Then think about about why the present perfect is
good for news stories.

Who is Williams?
=6rPFvLUWkzs#t=25

Why use the present perfect in news stories?
The Present Perfect Simple verb form is used to talk
about a past event which has very strong meaning and
connection with the present.
Grammar Board game!

Make a group of players.
Use the board game handout and roll the dice. Move
your piece. Answer the question in the square. Try to
get to the finish!
Grammar: Ch.6 homework
Use the handout as extra practice homework
Writing Identifying supporting sentences

Supporting details help us write more about
the main idea in a paragraph. However,
sometimes writers give too much information.
We call this unrelated information. The
sentence does not relate or connect with the
main idea of the paragraph.
If you do this in your writing, you need to take
out the unrelated sentence.

Lets take a look at what Im talking about handout

Now work with your group to find:
Two good supporting sentences
Any unrelated sentences
Be ready to share with the class.

HOMEWORK PRACTICE!
Use the handout to practice finding supporting
sentences and unrelated sentences
Grammar: practice handout

Writing: practice handout
Reading: review vocabulary
Reading: Unit 4A
Vocabulary Review activity
Grammar: Ch. 6
Check HW
Meaning & Use p.97 98
Practice p.103
Extra Activities & Practice
Writing:
Collect Speed write 4 re-writes
Supporting Sentences HW
check
Supporting Sentences Work
Today
11/5
Homework:
Weekly Learning
Journal 3 (online
discussion)
Grammar: extra
practice handout
& pg.98 C2
Reading: Vocabulary mapping

Knowing the meaning of a word is not enough!
It helps if you know a words synonyms and
antonyms.
1. What is a synonym?
2. What is an antonym?

A synonym is when you find a similar word for a word.
Example: survive, synonym = succeed, persist
Knowing similar words for one word means when you write
you dont have to say that word over and over. For example:
1. She hiked Mt. Rainier last week, but ran into a terrible
storm. She survived by eating berries and making a fire.
She also succeeded by staying warm and dry. Her
persistence allowed her to not die.
2. She hiked Mt. Rainier last week, but ran into a terrible
storm. She survived by eating berries and making a fire.
She also survived by. Her survival .

Practice:
What would be some synonyms for:
identify

An antonym is a word that shows the opposite of the original
work.
Example: survive, anyonym = expire, die, perish
Knowing the opposite word helps you form an argument or
give example of the opposite thing. For example:
1. She hiked Mt. Rainier and survived. However, she should
have perished from the harsh conditions. It was rainy,
snowy and very cold. She didnt die because of her
survival skills.

Knowing more about a word helps you use it in different ways
in your speaking and writing.
Lets practice writing more about our vocabulary words with
word mapping.
Take a look at the handout.

Where can I find synonyms and antonyms?
Try dictionary websites:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/
http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://www.ldoceonline.com/
Grammar: Check homework
Take out the extra practice homework

handout lets check
Meaning & Use:

Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense
We use the present perfect tense to talk

about actions that started in the past and
continue to the present.
e.g. Ive grown flowers for two years.
Now is 2005.
2003-start

We use the present perfect tense with
since and for to say how long an action
has lasted.
I have played the piano since 2000.
I have played the piano for five years.

Since
We use since with the present perfect tense to

refer to the starting point of an action.
I have studied at this school since 2000.

starting time
Now
2005
2000
(2000 is a point of time, not a period of time.)

For
We use for with the present perfect tense to

refer to a period of time.
I have studied at this school for five years.
since 2000
starting
time
Now
2005
period of time
(for five years)
( Five years is a period of time, not a point of time.)
Practice (1)
Use since or for.
for ten years.

1 I have had piano lessons _____
since 2003.
2 Peter has collected stamps _____
3 Amy has grown flowers _____

since last month.
4 My brother has played football _____

for two
years.
5 John and Jenny have been friends _____
for
eight months.
6 They have done ballet _____
since 2000.
7 My father has driven his car _____

since 1996.
How long ?
How long
have
He
She
has
have
you
has
he
she
done ballet?
collected stickers?
learnt the piano?
since 2001.
done ballet
collected stickers
learnt the piano for one year.
How long questions & answers with since
paint pictures, 2003
A: How long have you painted pictures?

B: I have painted pictures since 2003.
How long questions & answers with for
grow flowers, six months
A: How long have you grown flowers?

B: I have grown flowers for six months.
make handicrafts, March
A: How long have you made handicrafts?

B: I have made handicrafts since March.
play the violin, five years
A: How long have you played the violin?

B: I have played the violin for five years.
Kate
do karate, last month
A: How long ___________________

has Kate done karate ?
has done karate since last month
B: She _____________________________
.
James
collect coins, two years
A: How long _____________________

has James collected coins ?
has collected coins for two years
B: He _______________________________
.
Shirley
collect seashells, last summer
A: How long ____________________________?

has Shirley collected seashells
collected seashells since last summer .
B: She has
________________________________
Past tense & Present perfect tense

Past Tense
actions that
happened in
the past (finished)
e.g. I sang yesterday.

actions that started
in the past and
continue to the present
e.g. Ive sung for two
hours.
actions that have just

finished
e.g. Ive just sung a
famous song.

Past Tense
We know the
specific point of
time of the
action.
e.g. I drew a picture
last night.

We do not know the
time of the action.
e.g. Ive drawn a picture
already.

Past Tense
verb - 1 word
e.g. I started playing

the violin in 2000.
Hint words: How you

know it is past tense
yesterday,
last night,
last Sunday,
last year, ago,
in 2000

verb - 2 words
e.g. Ive played the violin

since 2000.
Hint words:
since, for, already, just,

yet, ever
Practice (2)
e.g. I _______
made a dress two weeks ago. (make)
1 I ______________
have lived
in Hong Kong since 1990.
(live)
bought our house in 2000. (buy)
2 My parents _______
has taught at my school
3 Miss Lee ___________
for two years. (teach)
visited his uncle one month ago. (visit)
4 Tom _______
5 Polly and Dolly __________
have been friends
since last year. (be)
Grammar: Ch.6 Meaning & Use 1
Does any of that make sense? Lets

see it in real life Present Perfect
example
=kXZAmNG8eBU
I went to Korea from 2008 to 2013.

Begin (2008)
2010
2012
2013 (end)
NOW
I have taught here, in Seattle, since 2013.

Which action started in the past? both
Which one is finished and which one is
continuing to now?
I went to Korea from 2008 to 2013.

Begin (2008)
2010
2012
2013 (end)
NOW
I have taught here, in Seattle, since 2013.

Which verb form is used for actions that started in the past
and are continuing up to now?
Present perfect
When did you come to Shoreline?

How long have you lived here?
Read the notes on pg.97

Think about it: Are these time phrases used with for or since?
1987
since
A short time
Two hours
Noon
for
for
since
I met her since

Five days
for

Make something: Work in pairs and write questions beginning
with How long and use these words (present perfect):
Drivers license
Married
In this school
Job
In this city
English

Okay lets get to work
Page 98 C1 - listening
Homework do C2 Page 98

Okay lets get to work
Now lets do page 103
Lets do an activity ~
Right now, write down 4 facts
about yourself using the
simple present.
Example: I am a student.
Now lets think about changing that to the
present perfect.
Example: (I live in Seattle.) -> I have
been in Seattle since 2013.
Now you change your sentences to
present perfect, using for or since
Write them down on a strip of paper that
I give you.
Lets guess who it is
Now you can practice asking How long
questions using the handout
Writing: Supporting Sentences
Lets check your writing homework
Weekly Learning Journal 3
This time your weekly learning Journal is on

Canvas.
Please go to discussions and find the
weekly learning journal. Enter your reply
to the questions. Look back and make
comments.
Grammar: p.98 C2 & extra

practice handout
* Weekly Learning Journal 3
(online discussion)

050 Week 7

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Collect Reading Journal 3

Quiz: Reading & Grammar

Reading: Unit 4A Vocab

Mid-term exam TAKE HOME

Check homework from last week

Quiz Reading & Grammar

Clean off your desk

What do you know about space?

Look at the warm- up questions ask these

Which word can be used to talk about all of

Okay lets get to work on p.50

Skimming what do you think the main idea

Lets read page 51 think about those

Reading: Unit 4A Vocab Logs

Grammar: Review the tenses

Grammar: Review the tenses

Grammar: Present Perfect

Do you know what the present

Grammar: Present Perfect

Okay lets watch a video on some

Grammar: Present Perfect

What does past participle mean?

Grammar: Present Perfect

She has cleaned the bathroom.

Grammar: Present Perfect

Lets take a closer look are you

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

She has forgotten his name.

past perfect tense

4-1 LETS PRACTICE

He has finished all his work.

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

(a) I have worked very hard this year.

pronoun + has =ks

(d) Ive/Youve/Weve/Theyve gone home.

NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

(g) I have not gone home yet.

NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

have + not = havent

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

(i) Have you read

have/has + subject + past participle

(j) Has Marcy gone home?

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Have you read all

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Yes, she has. She

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

Have you ever touched a snake?

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

Ive never touched

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

Grammar: Present Perfect

Homework: read pg. 90 91 in

Writing Paragraph Introduction

Paragraph Outline Parts of a

WRITING- TOPIC SENTENCES

1. IT CONTROLS OR GUIDES THE WHOLE PARAGRAPH.

Think about your writing.

WRITING- TOPIC SENTENCES

2. A GOOD TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT A GENERAL FACT

For example, a bad topic sentence