Chapter I Fundamentals of

Human Behavior
* Reason of Studying Human Behavior
* Methods of Studying Human Behavior
a. Three-level Model
b. Interdisciplinary Model
c. Developmental Model
d. Systems Model
e. Contingency Model

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

We

need to study human behavior even as we

participate in the day-to-day processes and

activities of human life. The need to understand
the behavior of others. The need to anticipate
and predict how others may act in certain
situations are important since we are affected by
their actions.

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

For

as Hellrieger and Slocum expressed, events do

not occur merely by chance, but rather, that events

are linked together.
For

Miltons Model of Understanding, Predicting &

Influencing the understanding of peoples behavior

makes the anticipation and prediction of events easier
and smoother. We can influence them to think, feel
and act accordingly.

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

We

study Human Behavior in order to have an

understanding of the actions of people. Its

professional analysis could very well help an
organization achieve its goals and pave the way
for smoother and more productive relationships
among individuals in groups and among groups of
organizations.

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

Studies

on Human Behavior provide data and

information which may be needed for:

improved productivity,

rational decision and policy-making,

better planning and organizing personnel and

human resources recruitment,

screening, selection, promotion and development

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

Organizational

communication

structure,

leadership,

and

are

areas

can

other

that

effectively benefit from the study of human

behavior.

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

We

are part of human race, and it is by studying

HB that we look not only into the personality of

others but into our own personalities.

Through

introspection, we create self-awareness,

an important ingredient in relating ourselves to

others.

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

The

need for & usefulness of understanding &

appreciating the values that underlie or are

reflected by our behavior brings out distinctions
between:

Right & Wrong Good & Bad

Useful &
Proper &
Useless
Improper

Reasons of Studying Human Behavior

It

is this dimension of human behavior that

underlies the quality of ones:

actions relationships motivation

productivity self-improvement
aspirations social usefulness
responsibility

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Three-Level Model
Milton

proposes a model of studying human

behavior at three levels;

These

three levels of analysis are also proposed

by Hunsaker and Cook.

Dimensions

of study and their corresponding

level of analysis

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Three-Level Model
It

is also called the I-G-O Model, means

Individual Group - Organization

OVERLAPPING
OF
HB
will ON
be
FOCUS
SUBJECT
STUDIEDMATTER WILL BE
EMPHASIS
ATTENTION
GREATLY MINIMIZED

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Interdisciplinary Model
Human

behavior in organization is inter and multi

disciplinary.

Various

theories and concepts from other

disciplines are integrated to contribute to its
better understanding.

Various

Sciences that contribute

understanding of Human Behavior.

to

the

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Interdisciplinary Model
Shows

the behavioral sciences that contribute

insights into the study of human behavior at three
levels as depicted by Galileo S. Fule.

Although

it is difficult to dichotomize the impact at

the individual, group, and organization levels ,
stress and focus are greatest at each level as
pointed out.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Interdisciplinary Model

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental Model
People

grow and move on to higher levels of

resourcefulness, creativity, competency, and selfrealization
through
proper
maintenance,
recognition and development programs.

Keith

and Davis call this Human Resources

(supportive) Approach.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental Model
Significant
These

components of an Organization.

basic and potent needs are recognized and

fulfilled by the organization which considers them
as the central resource in any organization and any
society.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental Model
To the

extent that people are well

* screened and selected,

* maintained and supported
* recognized and developed

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental Model
they can bring in and develop the various
artifacts of an organization
Philosophy
Funds
Values

mission, goals, objectives & aims

equity, borrowings, loans

needs, motivation, work ethics

Structure

organization chart, roles, tasks, responsibilities

Facilities

land, buildings, equipment, supplies

Technology

processes, knowhow

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental
Model

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Developmental Model
These

six components in turn, affect the individual

who alters his behavior in a context, which he,
himself has created.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Systems Model
A

social system is a complex and dynamic set of

relationships among its actors interacting with
one another.

An

organization is a social system consisting of

various parts at its subsystems.

The

systems posits that these parts are

interdependent and interrelated with each
other.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Systems Model
As

illustrated by Fule, the organization is viewed

as an open system with internal and external
factors impinging on its subsystems making it
very fluid, tenous, dynamic and complex.

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Systems
Model

Methods of Studying Human Behavior

Contingency Model
The

varied factors in each problematic situation may

constitute a unique condition.

Every

problem must be studied and analyzed in light of

complex factors that may be highly interrelated with
each other.

The

approach to use therefore is contingent on variables

prevailing particularly where problems are highly peoplerelated.

SYSTEM AFFECTED BY FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

INPUTS
Goals
Put
Funds
in
People
various
Materials quantity
and
Time
Information quality

PROCESS
Transformation
Technology
Leadership
Communication
Power
Authority
Conflicts
Relationships
Interaction
Influence
Process

OUTPUT
Goods
Measured
Services
&
Individual Evaluated
in
Energy
quantity
Motivation
&
Information quality

Thank you for listening.