PTS-Based PAPR Reduction in

Fixed WiMAX System With

Grouping Phase Weighting (GPW)
Chaeriah B.A. Wael, Nasrullah Armi, Budiman P.A.R

The International Conference on

Telecommunication Systems Services and
Applications (TSSA) 2015
November, 25-26 2015

Outline

Introduction
IEEE 802.16-2004 Physical Layer

PAPR Problem in OFDM Based System

Simulation Result and Analysis

Conclusions

Introduction : Motivation
High demand on
broadband
connectivity
BWA has advantages
compared to wired
media
WiMAX is a
promising broadband
wireless technology
WiMAX prefaces high
Peak to Average
Power Ratio (PAPR)
problem

Wired
: xDSL
Wireless : Broadband
Wireless Access (BWA)
Solving distance
limitations of DSL and high
costs of cable
high scalability and lower
maintainance and upgrade
costs.can offer high speed
WiMAX
data, voice and video service
to the end customer in a large
geographical

WiMAX system
needs to reduce
its PAPR

IEEE 802.16-2004 Physical Layer

ck diagram of WiMAX transceiver physical layer

Randomizing

FEC
Encoding

Interleaving

Mapping

OFDM
Mod
Cha
nnel

Derandomizing

FEC
Decoding

Deinterleaving

Demapping

OFDM
Demod

PAPR Problem in OFDM Based System

An OFDM signal consists of N independently
modulated subcarriers. When N signals are added
with the same phase, they produce a peak power
that is N times the average power.
Problems due to high PAPR :
High peak signals will saturate power amplifier
(PA) PA operates at its nonlinear region.
Such condition leads to high out of band
radiation and inter-modulation distortion.
High PAPR signal requires highly linear PA (PA with
large dynamic range) quite expensive and
increase overall cost of the system.
Solution : modifying the signal by reducing its PAPR.

PAPR Problem in OFDM Based System

The PAPR of the discrete time baseband OFDM signal
is defined as the ratio of the maximum peak power
divided by the average power of the OFDM signal.
PAPR ( dB ) 10 log10

x ( n)

1
N

N 1

X
k 0

Ppeak
Paverage

k
j 2 n
e N

10 log10

max x(n)
n

E x ( n)

; 0 n N 1

Where :
N : number of
subcarriers
Xk : modulated
input
symbols

PAPR Problem in OFDM Based System

Complementary
Cumulative Distribution
Function (CCDF) is used
to evaluate the
performance of any
PAPR reduction scheme.
A CCDF curve shows
how much time the
signal spends at or
above a given power
level.
A CCDF curve is a plot
of relative power levels
versus probability.

Construction of a CCDF curve

PAPR Problem in OFDM Based System

PAPR Reduction Methods
Distortion :

Clipping
Windowing
Envelope
scaling
Companding

Distortionless (Scrambling) :

Selected Mapping (SLM)

Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS)
Tone Reservation (TR)
Tone Injection (TI)
Dummy Signal Insertion (DSI)
Active Constellation Extension
(ACE)
Interleaving
Block Coding techniques

Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS)

X0
X

LN-IFFT

Mapper

X S/

...

LN-IFFT

x0

XV-1

LN-IFFT

xV-1

and
find
lowes
t
PAPR

Optimize phase
factor
PAPR reduction using PTS :
1.X is partitioned into V disjoint subblocks.
2.Apply IFFT to each subblock Xv.
3.xv is multiplied by a corresponding complex weighting factors wv.
4.Choose one suitable rotation factor which gives minimum PAPR.
5.Transmitted signal is the sum of each subblock with minimum PAPR.

PTS Using Group Phase Weighting

(GPW)
In GPW-PTS, all subblocks from step (1) in
conventional PTS are separated into several groups.
Phase weighting process is applied to every subblock
in each group by using the same set of phase
weighting factors and bring out subcandidate
sequences.
V

w x
i

i 1
r1

G1 G2 ... G R
r2

w x w x
i

i 1

i r1 1

...

w x
i

i rR 1

Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS)

Advantage vs. drawback :
Advantage : no distortion, PTS gives better PAPR
reduction.
Drawback : high computational complexity.
Computational complexity of conventional PTS :
Weighting factor for the first block b1 = 1
To optimize rest of V-1 subblocks, WV-1 combinations are
analyzed to select candidate with minimum PAPR.
Each candidate requires (V-1) complex addition and
multiplication.
So total number of complex multiplication and
additions are WV-1 x (V - 1) each.

PTS Using Group Phase Weighting

(GPW)
Example : WiMAX system N = 256 subcarriers ; V = 4 ;
W = 2 1 ; subblock partition : adjacent ; R = 2
PTS using GPW :
An OFDM signal with 256 subcarriers are splitted into 4
subblock.

Ex :

X = (1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1)T

X1 : 1 -1 0
X2 : 0 0 1
X : 0 0 0
These3 subblocks
X4 : 0 0 0
G1 : x1, x2

G2 : x1, x2

0 0
1 0
0 1
and
0 0

0 0
0 0
-1 0
phase
0 1

0
0
0
factor are grouped into 2 group :
-1

Phase factor G1 : [1 1]T, [1 -1]T

G2 : [1 1]T, [1 -1]T, [-1 1]T, [-1 -1]T

PTS Using Group Phase Weighting

(GPW)
The OFDM candidate sequences, x, are obtained by
combining candidate sequences from both groups.

Transmitted signal is chosen from these candidate

sequences with minimum PAPR.
From this example, we only need 8 complex
multiplication and additions. By using C-PTS, we need
(2(4-1) x (4-1)) = 24 multiplication and additions.

Simulation Parameters

Parameters

Value

Number of OFDM symbols

1000

Number of subcarriers (N)

256

Modulation scheme
Number of subblocks used in PTS
method (V)

QPSK, 16QAM, 64-QAM

4

Oversampling factor

PTS partition method

adjacent

Simulation Result and Analysis (1)

CCDF of OFDM signal with various modulation type

10

OFDM-QPSK
PTS OFDM-QPSK
OFDM-16-QAM
PTS OFDM-16-QAM
OFDM-64-QAM
PTS OFDM-64-QAM

-1

CCDF

10

-2

10

-3

10

PAPR0 (dB)

10

11

12

Simulation Result and Analysis (1)

No

Modulation
Type

PAPR of
original
OFDM
(dB)

PAPR of
PAPR
PTS-OFDM Reduction
(dB)
(dB)

QPSK

10,9414

5,9728

4,9686

16-QAM

11,4176

6,4974

4,9202

64-QAM

11,0673

6,5593

4,508

Comparison of GPW-PTS Performance of OFDM signal

with Various Modulation Types

Simulation Result and Analysis (2)

CCDF of QPSK with vary channel coding rate

10

CCDF

-1

10

-2

10

OFDM-QPSK 1/2
PTS OFDM-QPSK 1/2
OFDM-QPSK 3/4
PTS OFDM-QPSK 3/4

-3

10

PAPR0 (dB)

10

11

12

CCDF of 16-QAM with vary channel coding rate

10

CCDF

-1

10

-2

10

OFDM-16-QAM 1/2
PTS OFDM-16-QAM 1/2
OFDM-16-QAM 3/4
PTS OFDM-16-QAM 3/4

-3

10

PAPR0 (dB)

10

11

12

Simulation Result and Analysis (2)

Channel
Modulati
No
Coding
on Type
Rate

1
2

QPSK
16-QAM

PAPR of
original
OFDM (dB)

PAPR of
PTS-OFDM
(dB)

(a)

(b)

PAPR
Reduction
(dB)
c=a-b
(c)

1/2

11,4643

6,6327

4,8316

3/4

10,9414

5,9728

4,9686

1/2

11,8504

7,3148

4,5356

3/4

11,4176

6,4974

4,9202

Comparison of GPW-PTS Performance of OFDM signal

with Various channel coding rate

Conclusions
GPW-PTS has less computational complexity then CPTS.
The choice of modulation type does not give
significant effect on the PAPR value.
Even though, for QAM modulation, the higher order
of modulation type gives less PAPR reduction.
The use of GPW-PTS in 802.16d system with various
channel coding rate shows that higher channel
coding rate gives higher PAPR reduction.

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Thank You!

Questions ?