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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Review of Literature
3. Need and Significance
4. Objectives
5. Problem Formulation
6. Experimental Programme
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction
INTRODUCTION
The strength, durability and other characteristics of concrete
depend upon:
the properties of its ingredients,
the proportions of mix,
the method of compaction and
other controls during placing, compaction and curing.
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is widely used for making:
Buildings,
foundations,
brick/block walls,
pavements,
bridges/overpasses,
highways, runways,
parking structures,
dams,
pools/reservoirs, etc..
Concrete is used in large quantities almost everywhere mankind
has a need for infrastructure.
INTRODUCTION
Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry
such as fly ash, rice husk ash, paper pulp, marble powder, tiles, rubber
tyres, broken glass, quarry dust etc. to useful construction materials.
Furthermore, one of the most critical problems of the world has been
These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and
occupy considerable storage space and are mostly unsuitable for
disposal by incineration or composting.
This not only makes the purposeful utilization of agricultural waste but it
will also reduce the consumption of energy used in the production of
cement. In addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both
agriculture and public health.
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ephraim, E. M., Akeke, A. G., Ukpata, O. J., (2012).
Study conducted on compressive strength of concrete with rice husk
ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement.
The specific gravity of RHA was found to be 1.55, the density of RHA
concrete was found to be 2.043, 1.912 and 1.932kg/m3 at 10%, 20% and
25% replacement percentages respectively
RHA concrete was found to be very workable with a slump value of
over 100mm
It was found that, compressive strength values at 28days were found to
be 38.4, 36.5 and 33N/mm2 at the replacement percentages of 10%, 20%
and 30% respectively.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Kishore, R., Bhikshma, V., and Prakash, J. P., (2011)
Investigated strength characteristics of high strength rice husk ash concrete
with different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement.
The standard cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm dia.
x 300 mm height) and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500mm) were casted.
The strength effect of High-strength concrete of various amounts of
replacement of cement viz., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% with RHA of both the
grades i.e M40 & M50.
The optimum replacement of RHA was found to be 10% in both the grades
of the concrete.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Givi, N. A., Rashid, A. S., Aziz, A. N. F., and Salleh M. A. M.
(2010).
Studied the compressive strength, water permeability and workability of
concrete by partial replacement of cement with agro-waste rice husk ash.
Two types of rice husk ash with average particle size of 5 micron (ultra fine
particles) and 95 micron.
Four different contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight were used.
The ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 10% of cement replacement
by ultra fine rice husk ash particles whereas velocity and coefficient of water
absorption significantly decreased with 10% cement replacement by ultra
fine rice husk ash.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sivakumar, N., Muthukumar, S., Sivakumar, V., Gowtham, D., and
Muthuraj V (2014).
Studied the experimental Studies on High Strength Concrete by using Recycled Coarse
Aggregate.
The experimental investigation were carried out using detailed strength and durability
related tests such as compressive strength test of cubes, split tensile strength test of
cylinders, modulus of elasticity tests acid resistance test, test for saturated water absorption
and porosity.
The tests were conducted by replacing the coarse aggregates in high strength concrete
investigation it was found that recycled coarse aggregates can be used for making high
strength concretes by adjusting the w/c ratio and admixture contents of the mix.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Puri, N., Kumar, B., and Tyagi, H., (2013)
Studied the utilization of Recycled Wastes as ingredients in Concrete Mix.
The performance of M25 concrete made by partially replacing aggregates with
waste materials like construction debris.
The resultant concrete was tested for parameters like weight, compressive
strength, slump and workability and compared with conventional plain cement
concrete.
It has been observed that the use of waste materials results in the formation of
light weight concrete.
There is a considerable increase in the compressive strength of concrete when the
coarse aggregates are fully or partially replaced with construction debris
A minor reduction in workability of the concrete mix was observed.
LITERATURE REVIEW
C P Yong et.al (2009)
In this study, the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregate in
concrete.
Concrete is produced with partial replacement of 0%, 50% and 100% of RCA.
The compressive strength with 100% replacement of RCA has the highest
28day strength which reaches 57.99 MPa respectively and it is in close
proximity with 50% replacement of RCA.
Split Tensile strength is higher than control concrete in case of 100%
replacementof RCA and with 50% replacement of RCA is same as control
concrete.
The performance of RCA in terms of Flexural strength is not as good as the
performance in terms of compressive strength and split tensile strength.
OBJECTIVES
1. To study the compressive strength of concrete cube
OBJECTIVES
3. To study the flexural strength of beams specimen
containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial
replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45%
of recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of
Natural coarse aggregates.
ToEXPERIMENTAL
achieve the objectives, PROGRAMME
an experimental program
will be planned to investigate strength properties of
concrete containing:
Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement of Cement, and
Recycled Coarse Aggregate as partial replacement of
MATERIALS USED
CEMENT
FINE AGGREGATE
COARSE
AGGREGATE
RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE
SUPER PLASTICIZER
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
1) CEMENT: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade
was used throughout the course of the investigation.
Table 1: Physical Properties of Cement
Sr. No.
Properties
Observations
4%
58 min.
375 min.
Standard consistency
33 %
Specific Gravity
3.07
44.6 Mpa
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
2) FINE AGGREGATES: Locally available river sand passed
through 4.75 mm IS sieve was used as fine aggregate.
Table 2: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate
S. No.
Properties
Observations
Fineness Modulus
2.715
Specific Gravity
2.67
Bulk Density
Water Absorption
1667 kg/m3
1.02 %
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
3) COARSE AGGREGATES: The coarse aggregates used,
were obtained from local quarry. The nominal maximum size
of coarse aggregate was 12.5mm.
Table 3: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate
S. No.
Properties
Observations
Fineness Modulus
7.36
Specific Gravity
2.80
Bulk Density
Water Absorption
1720 kg/m3
0.806%
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
4) RICE HUSK ASH: Rice Husk Ash was collected from the
factory which was procured from Ludhiana. It was sieved by IS-90
micron sieve before mixing in concrete
Table 4: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash
S. No.
Properties
Observations
Color
Greyish Black
Form
Powder
Specific Gravity
2.13
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
5) RECYCLED COARSE AGGRREGATE:
The concrete wastes were obtained from a local building that has
been demolished and RMC plant. The waste concrete are crushed
into pieces manually. The aggregates passing through IS sieve
20mm and retained on 12.5mm.
Table 5: Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate
S. No.
Properties
Observations
1.
8.19
2.
Specific gravity of
aggregate
2.46
3.
4.
Water absorption of
aggregate
recycled coarse
recycled coarse
1388 kg/m3
0.60 %
Recycled Coarse
Aggregate
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
6) SUPER PLASTICIZER: The Super-Plasticizer used in this
study was CICO PLAST SUPER K-352 is new generation of
concrete admixture.
Properties
Observations
Specific Gravity
pH value
>6
Chloride Content
< 0.1 %
Ratio
kg/m3
Cement Content
351
2.03
718.60
3.53
1283.13
Water
0.45
157.73
Coarse Aggregates
Fine
Aggregates
Natural Coarse
Aggregate
Recycled
Coarse
Aggregate
Cement
MX1
100
100
100
MX2
95
100
85
15
MX3
95
100
70
30
MX4
95
100
55
45
MX5
90
10
100
85
15
MX6
90
10
100
70
30
MX7
90
10
100
55
45
MX8
85
15
100
85
15
MX9
85
15
100
70
30
MX10
85
15
100
55
45
Workability of Concrete
Mixes
ID
Ash
Fine
Coarse
Aggregate Aggregate
(mm)
MX1
100
100
100
123
MX2
95
100
85
15
118
MX3
95
100
70
30
110
MX4
95
100
55
45
102
MX5
90
5
10
100
85
15
115
MX6
90
10
100
70
30
110
MX7
90
10
100
55
45
95
MX8
85
15
100
85
15
110
MX9
85
15
100
70
30
100
MX10
85
15
100
55
45
88
MX1
MX2
MX3
MX4
MX5
MX6
MX7
MX8
MX9
MX10
Cement
100
95
95
95
90
90
90
85
85
85
Rice
Husk
Ash
0
5
5
5
10
10
10
15
15
15
Fine Coarse
Agg. Agg.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85
70
55
85
70
55
85
70
55
Compressive Strength
(N/mm2)
Recycled
Coarse
Aggregate
7 days
28 days
0
15
30
45
15
30
45
15
30
45
22.67
22.05
23.33
22.00
23.77
23.89
21.98
20.14
20.58
21.09
35.13
34.80
35.14
34.57
34.6
34.69
33.84
33.17
34.38
32.67
References
References
Chao-Lung, H., Anh-Tuan, B. L., and Chun-Tsun, C. (2011). Effect of rice husk ash on the strength and
durability characteristics of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 25 (2011) : 37683772.
C P Y and L C D T (2009). Utilization of Recycled Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate in
concrete. UNIMAS E-
References
Givi, N. A., Rashid, A. S., Aziz, A. N. F., and Salleh M. A. M. (2010). Assessment of the effects of
rice husk ash particle size on strength, water permeability and workability of binary blended
concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 24 (2010) : 21452150.
He, J. Z., and Zhang, X. J., (2013). Strength Characteristics and failure criterion of plain recycled
aggregate concrete under triaxial stress states. Construction and Building Materials. 54 (2014):
354362.
Kishore, R., Bhikshma, V., and Prakash, J. P., (2011). Study on Strength Characteristics of High
Strength Rice Husk Ash Concrete. Procedia Engineering 14 (2011): 2666267.
Puri, N., Kumar, B., and Tyagi, H., (2013). Utilization of Recycled Wastes as ingredients in Concrete
Mix. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, Vol.2, Issue 2
(Jan.,2013), PP 74-78.
Pai, B. H. V., and Ramkishan, R. B. H., (2008). Investigation on fresh and hardened properties of
fiber reinforced self-compacting high performance concrete with rice husk ash as pozzolanic filler.
33rd Conference on our world in concrete & structures: 25 27 August 2008.
Ramezanianpour, A. A., Khani, M. M., and Ahmadibeni, G., (2009). The Effect of Rice Husk Ash on
Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concretes.
Engineering. Vol. 7, No. 2, June 2009.
References
Rathod, A. H., and Pitroda, J., (2013). A Study on Recycled Aggregate as a Substitute to Natural
Aggregate for Sustainable Development in India. Global Research Analysis Vol. 2, Issue 2, Feb., 2013:
73-75.
Sivakumar, N., Muthukumar, S., Sivakumar, V., Gowtham, D., and Muthuraj V (2014). Experimental
Studies on High Strength Concrete by using Recycled Coarse Aggregate. International Journal of
Engineering and Science Vol.4, Issue 01 (Jan., 2014), PP 27-36.
Tuan, N. V., Guang, Y., Breugel, K. V. B., and Copuroglu, O. (2011). Hydration and
microstructure
of ultra high performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash. Cement and Concrete Research. 41
(2011): 11041111.
Vyas, M. C., and Bhatt, R. D., (2012). A Techno-Economical Study on Recycled Aggregate Concrete.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology Vol.III, Issue IV, Oct-Dec., 2012: 107-109.
Xu, W., Tommy, Y. L., and Memon, S. A. (2011). Microstructure and reactivity of rice husk ash.
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Zain, M. F. M., Islam, M. N., Mahmud, F., and Jamil, M. (2010). Production of rice husk ash for use in
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