INTERNET OF THINGS

ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Mohammed Safian Syed (50136688)
Wix: http://ssyed7.wix.com/mywix

Professor: Dr. Urkun John Tanik(Ph.D)

CSCI 530 02W Operating Systems

Introduction
This presentation is about energy
consumption in IOT devices.
Energy efficiency is a way of managing and
restraining the growth in energy
consumption.
Energy efficiency in Operating systems
refer to providing the lowest energy
consumption with all the key features of OS.

Challenges

One of the main challenges with these motes is the need to reduce as much as
possible their energy consumption. We want their batteries to last as long as possible.

Hardware innovations that reduce peripheral energy usage, especially when the
CPU is idle, will also lead to a noticeable discrepancy in total energy consumption.
The software must exploit the power saving features of the hardware and allow for
large sleep cycles as much as possible.
Although several efforts aimed at adapting existing operating systems for the IoT, key
features such as maximum energy efficiency or strong real-time guarantees cannot be
efficiently implemented as add-ons to a pre-existing system, because such features
impact every part of the system.

Solutions
In general, two approaches to solution of the energy efficiency problem can
be classified,
1.efficient use of existing facilities and resources (e.g., use of virtualization
and cloud computing, allowing to increase utilization rate of available
resources and to decrease the equipment needs),
2.New architectural solutions to the data center designs (e.g., Cisco Unified
Computing System).
The main way to minimize energy consumption with a MCU is thus to disable
its features as much as possible, only using them when needed that
effectively means putting the whole MCU to sleep as much as possible.

Solutions(continued)
The energy efficiency problem of the server design is approached at different
levels from a processor core, through the single server, and up to the server
farm.
At processor level, the ARM energy-efficient processor architecture [1] is
nowadays considered a solution of choice to the development of server
hardware. According to IDC forecasts, by 2015 the ARM architecture can win
more than 15% market share of server hardware.
In September 2010, the British company ARM Holdings first entered this market
with Cortex-A15 processor based on ARMv7-architecture.Their version of the
ARM Cortex A15 MPCore, designed for CPU clocks of up to 2.5 GHz,
demonstrated the five times performance improvement with respect to the
processors used in smart phones while maintaining the same energy
consumption levels

Solutions(continued)
The only function of the idle thread is to determine the deepest possible
sleep mode, depending on the peripheral devices in use. In this
manner, it is guaranteed to maximize the time spent in sleep mode,
thus, minimizing the energy consumption of the whole system.
Fine grain energy usage of SOS, TinyOS and the Mate Bombilla virtual
machine are dependent on the frequency of updates and stressing of
the CPU required for a specific deployment.

We also believe that the tickless kernel and the optimal use of hardware
timers should make IOT OS a very suited software platform to optimize
energy consumption on battery-powered, MCU-based devices.

Conclusion

Thought its difficult to accurately quantize energy consumption yet, we

can reasonably think that lowering activity of MCU and radio
transceiver will significantly reduce the energy consumption of devices
running RIOT OS. This will be the subject of some of our future
research works.
By working on the solutions and by finding many other solutions to
energy consumption, the future of IOT and its R&D is bright and
interesting.

References
1. JUANG, P., OKI, H., WANG, Y., MARTONOSI,M., PEH, L.-S., AND

RUBENSTEIN, D. Energy efficient computing for wildlife tracking:

Design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet. In Proc.
10th International Conference on Architectural Support
2. Study of Cloud/IX Operating System for the ARM-based Data
Center Server Platform. By Yury Leokhina*, Peter Panfilov
3. RIOT OS Paves the Way for Implementation of HighPerformance MAC Protocols. By
Kevin Roussel, Ye-Qiong Song, Olivier Zendra.
4. A Dynamic Operating System for Sensor Nodes
Chih-Chieh Han, Ram Kumar, Roy Shea, Eddie Kohler and Mani
Srivastava

Thanks