Teacher College

Introduction to Statistics

Samuel Lukas

Statistics in Education

Validating The Assessments

Validating the Educational Instruments
Educational Research
Making Decisions
Others

What is Statistics
Data.
Collection of data. It could be in form of
tables or diagrams.
Some measurements. It could be
characteristic of distribution such as mean,
standard deviation or even coefficient
correlation
Methods on how to interpret the data.

Terminologies
Population as collection of persons,
objects, or items of interest
Sample is a small portion of population as
representation of the population
Parameter is a descriptive measure of the
population, mean () and standard
deviation ().

Types of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics (Gathered data
sample to describe or reach some
conclusions about the sample)
Inferential Statistics (Gathered data
sample to describe or reach some
conclusions about the population)

Data Collection Techniques

Interviews
Questionnaires
Observations
Test
Others

Data Measurement
1.
2.
3.
4.

Nominal / Categorical / Label

Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Parametric statistics deal with interval and

ratio data whereas Nonparametric with
nominal or ordinal data

Discussion of data measurements

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Number of pizzas consumed per week per household.

Age of pizza purchaser.
Zip code of the survey respondent.
Dollars spent per month on pizza per person.
Time in between purchases of pizza.
Rating of taste of a given pizza brand on a scale from 1
to 10.
7. Sex of survey respondent
8. Number representing the pizza brand being evaluated.

Time Data Collection

Cross Section Data (Data was collected
in a certain time to picture the
condition of that time)
Data Series (Data was collected in a
series of time. It is uses to do
prediction or plotting the trend.

Represent Data in Table

One way data

Students
Danny Setiono
Denny Triasmara
Juwan Kurniawan
Daryl
Erwin Randy Tatimu
Derry Primasta Octa

Midterm Final-term
score
score
90
80
40
50
90
85
80
90
90
80
90
90

Represent Data in Table

Two ways and Three ways data

Stude
Faculty of
nt
Busin Scien Desig
Gend
ess
ce
n
er
Male 2000 Students
200 Gender
1000
Femal Year
3000 Male
350 Female
1500
e

Faculty of
Business

Science

Design

2011

3200

4850

5000

550

2500

2012

4000

5100

5500

600

3000

Represent Data in Line

Profit in Electronics Department
Year
Television
Refrigerator

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

20.5 30.4 45.5 50
60
65
70
50.3 55.2 30.2 25 20.5 10.2 5.6

80
70
60
50

50.3

45.5
30.4

30
20

60

55.2

40

30.2

20.5

25

20.5
10.2

1990

1991
Television

1992

70

50

10
0
1989

65

1993

1994

1995
Refrigerator

5.6
1996

1997

Represent Data in Bar Chart

Represent Data in Pie Chart

Problem Discussion
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005

Smstr
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

Active student in
2000 2001 2002
85

89

87
75

82
71

82
66
66
82
62
69
78
62
66
51
60
65
25
60
62
15
35
61
12
21
55
7
11
23

the year
2003 2004

46

48

43
57
41
55
36
54
36
53

2005

81
80