Sie sind auf Seite 1von 14

Introduction

Infection of the respiratory tract are


described acc. To the anatomic area
of involvement

The upper respiratory tract, or upper airway,

consist of the oronasopharynx, the pharynx, the


larynx and the upper part of the trachea.
The lower respiratory tract consist of the lower
trachea, main stem bronchi, segmental bronchi,
sub segmental bronchioles terminal bronchioles
and alveoli.

Common Clinical Features

Cough
Dyspnea
Expectoration [ Sputum]
Chest in drawing
Chest pain
Cyanosis
Respiratory Sound like :Wheezing
Stridor
Snoring
Grunting

Acute Respiratory Infection


ARI and its complications are most frequent
condition of acute illness in infants and
children.
IN India, ARI is one major cause of children
death.
It is also one of the major reasons for which
children are brought to the hospital and health
facilities.
About 13% of patient death in pediatric ward is
due of ARI

Classification
Depending upon the site of infection of respiratory
tract, ARI can be classified as follows:Acute upper respiratory infection :Common cold, rhinitis, Nasopharyngitis,
pharyngitis and otitis media.

Acute lower respiratory infection:Epiglottitis, laryngitis, bronchitis,


pneumonias, bronchiolitis.

Depending upon the anatomical


involvement of ling the
classification include the
following :-

Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Pneumonitis

Causative
organism

Bacterial :- Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus,


streptococcus, H. Influenza, E. coli.
Viral :- Influenza, Measles, Chickenpox
Mycoplasma
Fungal :- Candidasis
Protozal
Miscellaneous :- Aspiration Pneumonia,
Chemical Pneumonia etc.

Nasal Discharge
Cough
Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Sore throat
Irritability
Chest Pain
Chills
Tachycardia
Respiratory distress
Ear problem

Acute Bronchitis :Fever


Dry Cough
Wheezing
Mild Constitutional Symptoms
Cough Become productive after 5 days. Some
tachypnea is often present
On Auscultation bronchi and coarse crepitation are
found v

Acute Bronchiolitis:Severe illness with severe Dyspnea


Cough
Mild to moderate fever is usually present
Chest retraction, dehydration
Crepitation and diminished breath sound

Detail History taking


Auscultation of chest sound help in
diagnosis.
Blood test
TLC
DLC
ESR

Chest X Ray

Pleural Effusion
Emphysema
Lung abscess
CCF
Respiratory failure
Metastasis Spread may cause
Meningitis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis

Management
Treatment upon type of illness severity of infection
and associated complication.
The Standard treatment for childhood ARI is
recommended by nation ARI Control program
especially for Primary health setting.
The child with no pneumonia can be treated at home
with remedies for symptomatic treatment [ fever and
Cough] and does not required antibiotic therapy.
The child with pneumonia can be treated in out patient
department with oral antibiotic and other symptomatic
treatment like antipyretic and Bronchodilator.
The child with Severe pneumonia Should be
hospitalized urgently and require parenteral antibiotic
with symptomatic treatment.

Supportive general measure

Bed rest
isolation
suctioning to remove secretions from
tracheobronchial tree adequate fluid and dietary
intake
hygienic measures, clearing of air passage and nose
monitoring of child condition
chest physiotherapy and treatment of complications.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen