CLASSIFICATION

OF
MALOCCLUSION
PRESENTER: SAPEEDEH
AFZAL.
ROLL # 10
GROUP : A

ROAD MAP
WHAT IS MALOCCLUSION?
NEED OR USES FOR CLASSIFICATION.
SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION & TERMINOLOGIES.
ANGLES CLASSIFICATION.
MODIFICATIONS OF ANGLES
CLASSIFICATION.
ANDREWS SIX KEYS.
SKELETAL CLASSIFICATION.
BRITISH STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF
INCISOR RELATIONSHIP.
CANINE CLASSIFICATION.
SIMONS CLASSIFICATION.
ACKERMAN & PROFFIT CLASSIFICATION.

OCCLUSION
WHEN THE TEETH IN THE
MANDIBULAR ARCH COME INTO
CONTACT WITH THOSE IN THE
MAXILLARY ARCH IN ANY
FUNCTIONAL RELATION, ARE
SAID TO BE IN OCCLUSION.
(WHEELERS)

WHAT IS
MALOCCLUSION..??

A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS A

DEFLECTION FROM THE NORMAL RELATION
OF THE TEETH TO OTHER TEETH IN THE SAME
ARCH AND/OR TO TEETH IN THE OPPOSING
ARCH. (GARDINER, WHITE & LEIGHTON)

NEED FOR
CLASSIFICATION

Grouping of orthodontic problems.

Location of problems to be treated.
Diagnosis & treatment plan.
Comparison of different types of
malocclusion.
For self-communication.
Documentation of problems.
Used for epidemiological studies.
Assessment of treatment effects of
orthodontic appliances.

QUESTIONNA
IRE,
INTERVIEW
CLINICAL
EXAMINATIO
N
ANALYSIS
OF
DIAGNOSTI
C RECORDS

DAT
A
BAS
E

CLASSIFICATION
PROBLEM LIST =
DIAGNOSIS

METHODS OF
CLASSIFICATION OF
MALOCCLUSION
CAN BE BROADLY DIVIDED INTO TWO
TYPES
QUANTITATI
VE &
QUALITATIV
E TYPES OF
MALOCCLUS
ION

INTRAARCH &
INTERARCH
PROBLEMS

MALOCCLUSION: INTRAARCH & INTER-ARCH

PROBLEMS
INTRA-ARCH
PROBLEMS (INDIVIDUAL
OR GROUPS OF TEETH)

MALOCCLUSION: INTRAARCH & INTER-ARCH

PROBLEMS
INTER-ARCH PROBLEMS

ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
OF MALOCCLUSION
In 1899 Edward H. Angle
published the first
classification of malocclusion.
The classifications are based
on the relationship of the
mesiobuccal cusp of the
maxillary first molar and the
buccal groove of the
mandibular first molar.

ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
OF MALOCCLUSION
CLASS I
MALOCCLUSIO
N
DIVISION
1

CLASS II
MALOCCLUSIO
N
DIVISIO
N2

CLASS III
MALOCCLUSION

SUB-DIVISION

CLASS III

PSEU
DO
CLASS
III

SUBDIVISION

CLASS I
MALOCCLUSION

THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE UPPER FIRST

PERMANENT MOLAR OCCLUDES WITH THE
MESIOBUCCAL GROOVE OF THE LOWER FIRST
MOLAR, BUT LINE OF OCCLUSION IS INCORRECT
BECAUSE OF MALPOSED TEETH, ROTATIONS OR
OTHER DISCREPANCIES.

CLASS II
MALOCLUSION

THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE LOWER

FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR OCCLUDES
DISTAL TO THE CLASS I POSITION.

CLASS II DIVISION
Condition when class II molar
relationship is present
with proclined
1
upper central incisors.
There is an increase in overjet.

CLASS II DIVISION
Condition when class II molar
relationship2
is present with
retroclined upper central incisors,
upper lateral incisors may be
proclined or normally inclined.
Overjet is usually minimal or may be
increased.

CLASS II SUBDIVISION

Condition when the class II molar

relationship exists on only one
side with normal molar
relationship on the other side.

CLASS III
MALOCCLUSION
THE MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF THE
LOWER FIST MOLAR OCCLUDES
MESIAL TO THE CLASS I POSITION.

PSEUDO CLASS III

MALOCCLUSION
Due to occlusal prematurity, when the
mandible moves from rest position to
occlusion, it slides forward into a
pseudo class III position. Its also
known as postural class III.

CLASS III SUBDIVISION

Condition in which class III molar
relationship is present only on one
side with normal relation on the other
side.

MODIFICATIONS OF
ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
There are two modifications of
Angles classification
1.Lischers modification.
2.Deweys modification.

LISCHERS
MODIFICATION
He introduced following names
to the Angles classification:
Neutrocclusion- Class I.
Distocclusion- Class II.
Mesiocclusion- Class III

DEWEYS
MODIFICATION
(1915)
Martin Dewey divided Angles class I &
III into further types:

CLASS I:
Type 1: Crowded maxillary anterior teeth.
Canines may be abnormally positioned.
Type 2: Proclined or labioversion of
maxillary incisors.
Type 3: Anterior cross bite present.
Type 4: Posterior cross bite present.
Type 5: Mesioversion of molars.

DEWEYS
MODIFICATION
CLASS III:
Type 1: Well aligned teeth & dental
arches. Edge-edge relationship.
Type 2: Crowded mandibular incisors.
Type 3: Crowded maxillary incisors,
underdeveloped maxilla. Anterior cross
bite present.

ANDREWS SIX KEYS (1970)

Andrew extended Angles classification:
1.Correct molar relationship.
2.Correct crown angulations.
3.Correct crown inclination i.e. Class I incisor
relationship.
4.No rotation present.
5.Teeth in tight contact with no spacing.
6.Occlusal plane/ curve of spee should be flat i.e.
it should not be deeper than 1.5mm.
7.No tooth size discrepancies. (Bannet &
McLanghlans)

SKELETAL
CLASSIFICATION
It considered
relationship
between maxilla
& mandible, in
antero-posterior
direction.

CLASS I:
Maxilla &
mandible are in
harmony with
each other.

SKELETAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLASS II:
Maxilla lies
ahead of
mandible with
refrence to
anteroir
cranial base.
In other words
maxilla is
prgnated.

SKELETAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLASS III:
Maxilla lies
posterior to
mandible with
reference to
anterior
cranial base.
In other words
maxilla is
retrognathed.

BRITISH STANDARD
CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
RELATIONSHIP
(1983)
Based upon incisor relationship,
proposed in 1983. Do not consider
molar relationship in some cases.
CLASS I:
The lower incisor edges occlude with
or lie immediately below the
cingulum plateau of upper central
incisors.

BRITISH STANDARD
CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
RELATIONSHIP
CLASS II:
The lower incisor edges lie posterior
to the cingulum plateau of the upper
incisors.
There are two sub-divisions:
DIVISION 1:
The upper central incisors are proclined
or of average inclination & there is an
increase in overjet.

DIVISION 2:
The upper central incisors are retroclined.
The overjet is usually minimal or may be
increased.

BRITISH STANDARD
CLASSIFICATION OF INCISOR
RELATIONSHIP
CLASS III:
The lower incisor edges
lies anterior to the
cingulum plateau of the
upper incisors. The
overjet is reduced or
reversed.

CANINE
CLASSIFICATION
CLASS I :
When the mesial slope of upper
canine coincides with the distal
slope of lower canine.

CANINE
CLASSIFICATION
CLASS II :
When the mesial slope of upper
canine is ahead of the distal slope
of lower canine.

CANINE
CLASSIFICATION
Class III :
When the mesial slope of the upper
canine lies behind the distal slope
of the lower canine.

SIMONS CLASSIFICATION
(1926)
In Simons classification system,
the dental arches are related to
three anthropologic planes.
PLANES USED:
Frankfort horizontal plane or eyeear-plane.
Orbital plane.
Raphe median plane or mid-saggital
plane.

SIMONS
CLASSIFICATION

FRANKFORT
HORIZONTAL PLANE:

-Helps detect
deviations in the
vertical plane.
-Dental arch closer to
the plane is called
attraction and farther
away is called
abstraction.

SIMONS
CLASSIFICATION

ORBITAL PLANE:
-Helps to detect

deviations in the
transverse plane.
-Dental arch more
anteriorly placed is
called protraction and
posteriorly placed dental
arch is called retraction.

SIMONS
CLASSIFICATION
MID-SAGGITAL PLANE:
- Helps to detect
deviations in the
saggital plane.
- Dental arch closer to
mid-saggital plane is
called contraction and
farther away is called
distraction.

ACKERMAN & PROFFIT

CLASSIFICATION (1960)
It was proposed to overcome the
drawbacks of Angles
classification.
This system includes Angles
classification & five
characteristics of malocclusion
within a Venn diagram.

FIVE MAJOR
CHARACTERISTICS

ADDITION TO THE FIVECHARACTERISTICS

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Two things particularly help this
more thorough analysis:
1. Esthetic line of occlusion.
2. Rotational axes.

1. ESTHETIC LINE OF
OCCLUSION

In modern analysis, another

curved line characterizing
the appearance of the
dentition is important.
Esthetic line of occlusion,
follows the facial edges of the
maxillary anterior and
posterior teeth.

2. ROTATIONAL
AXES
In addition to relationship in the transverse,
antero-posterior and vertical planes of
space used in traditional 3-D analysis,
rotations around axes perpendicular to
three planes also must be evaluated.
Its a useful way to evaluate the
relationship of the teeth to the soft tissues
that frame their display.
Pitch.
Roll.
Yaw.

ROTATIONAL AXES
PITCH:

The vertical relationship

of the teeth to the lips &
cheeks can be
conventionally described
as up-down deviations
around the anteroposterior axes.
Evaluated clinically & from
cephalometric
radiographs.

ROLL:

Roll describes the vertical

position of the teeth when
this is different on the
right & left sides.
Viewed as up-down
deviations around the
transverse axes.
Its seen with lips relaxed
and more clearly on smile,
in both frontal and oblique
views.
YAW:

Rotation of the jaw or

dentition to one side or the
other, around a vertical
axes, produces a skeletal or
dental midline discrepancy.
Viewed as left-right
deviations around the
vertical axes.

REFRENCES
CONTEMPORARY ORTHODONTICS,
WILLIAM R. PROFFIT (5TH. EDITION)
INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTICS,
LAURA MITCHELL (3RD. EDITION)
ORTHODONTICS, PREM KUMAR (2ND.
EDITION)