Ideologies, Religion, and

Protest
CPW 4U
MR. P CARNEY

Political Ideologies
Examples of Ideologies
liberalism
Nazism
fascism
communism
liberalism
totalitarianism
conservatism
socialism

Political Ideologies in Canada

Political Ideologies in Canada

Conservative Party
Reform Party and Canadian Conservative

Reform Alliance Party (acronyms anyone?!)

Bloc Qubcois
Liberal Party
New Democratic Party

Political Ideologies in Canada

Conservative Party

Political Ideologies in Canada

Reform Party and Canadian

Alliance Party

Political Ideologies in Canada

Bloc Qubcois

Political Ideologies in Canada

Liberal Party

Political Ideologies in Canada

New Democratic Party

Origins of Political Ideologies

Classical Liberalism

Adam Smith Wealth of Nations

major changes in Europe

Industrial Revolution
Urbanization

. which results in the creation of the middle class which has

no political power but has lots of money
middle class begins to challenge traditional authority and
revolts against the government (1789 French Revolution)

Origins of Political Ideologies

liberals see this as justified, they support Smiths ideas and

oppose absolutism they later split into our modern day
liberals and conservatives
conservatives dont like this challenge to the traditional
authority, they resist change

1980s Iron Lady Margaret Thatcher, Ronny Ronald

Reagan

Origins of Political Ideologies

Reform Liberalism
John

Maynard Keynes (and others)

focused on freedoms in life

pot, porn, gay rights, etc

The State has no business in the bedrooms of the nation.

more

trying to guarantee a minimum standard of living

more

state

democratic, interventionist in economics

eager to provide collective goods via the

UI, CPP, . redistribution of wealth by progressive income

tax, etc.

Origins of Political Ideologies

rose out of the concerns for the new working class of the
Industrial Revolution
today, growth of large corporations and reduction in the
number of competitors in key markets are of concern

Origins of Political Ideologies

Conservative Principles

reverence for the past (e.g. Queen)

organic conception of society (e.g. societies are greater than
the sum of their parts)
constitutional continuity
opposition to revolution
cautious reform
religious basis of state
divine source of legitimate authority
priority of duties to rights

Origins of Political Ideologies

loyalty
common

sense and pragmatism

economic orientation market economy
examples

Lords Prayer at school

Sunday shopping
women covered in Muslim states
class system
the American Dream
slavery in the southern United States

Origins of Political Ideologies

Neo-Conservatism

mainly economics
rising out of rising debts,
growing size of government and
taxes

Origins of Political Ideologies

Socialism
emerges in the 19th century as a response to the horrors of
the Industrial Revolution

working conditions
living conditions
lack of response by the liberal governments

a political and economic theory in which the means of

production and distribution are owned, managed, or controlled
by a central, democratically elected authority
based on some form of Utopian vision
planning by government, public ownership, equality of outcome,
collectivism

Origins of Political Ideologies

Utopian Socialists

create ideal societies (communes) so all can see the benefits

democratically created institutions

Revolutionary Socialists

appeal to action
Communism went beyond economics to sociology alienation
aka ___________________

Religion in Politics
Eastern Religions and Politics
Hinduism
Confucianism
Buddhism
Western Religion and Politics
Judaism
Catholicism
Islam
Protestantism

Religion in Politics
Hinduism
oldest

of major world religions

believe in a single divinity that is present in
everything
through reincarnation, at death a soul passes from
one body to another good actions in this life lead to
a better situation in the next incarnation
rules for diet, family, caste (hereditary social class),
and politics
doctrine of non-violence, or ahimsa, was the basis
for Mahatma Gandhis use of civil disobedience
some Hindus opposed Gandhi

Religion in Politics
Confucianism
Confucius

(551449 BCE) created a system of right

living known as ren
Confucius taught rulers to act humanely toward their
subjects
parents, teachers, and government officials were the
guardians of this civic religion (no priests)
all human relationships involved defined roles and
mutual obligations a social hierarchy
egalitarianism the promotion of equality
co-existed with Buddhism and Taoism well, until Mao
Zedong outlawed all religions in 1949

Religion in Politics
Buddhism
Siddhartha

Gautama (ca. 563483 BCE) preached

that enlightenment was to be found in the Middle
Way, the path that lies between indulgence and
asceticism (rigid self-discipline)
many characteristics of Hinduism were adopted
a buddha is someone who has awakened to the true
nature of universal cause and effect, and whose
awareness transcends birth, suffering, and death
Emperor Ashoka made Buddhism the state religion of
India and spread it throughout southeast Asia and the
Middle East diaspora of Tibetans spread it further

Religion in Politics
Judaism
Romans destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 CE, forcing
Jewish people to spread throughout the world (diaspora)
in some host countries, they were accepted and given much
religious freedom; in others, they were viewed as outsiders and
treated with hostility
although both Jews and Arabs are Semitic peoples, antiSemitism has come to mean hatred of the Jewish people
Hitlers Holocaust (1933-1945) was the most extreme example
of anti-Semitic behaviour

Religion in Politics
Catholicism
led

by the pope, who is seen as the successor to Saint

Peter as Christs representative on Earth
eastern and western churches evolved

Catholicism intertwined in politics.

Gave political advantages good ones and bad ones
(carrying out the Spanish Inquisition, creating
denominational schools, and discouraging divorce, abortion)
eastern Christians saw themselves as Orthodox following
the principles of the original religion
excommunication of two leaders in 1054 finished the schism
John Paul II reached out to the east, but no reconciliation

Religion in Politics
Islam
Islam is an Arabic word that means submission
a follower of Islam is called a Muslim, which means one who
submits to the will of Allah
Muhammad (570632 CE) recorded the word of Allah, in the
Quran, the holy book of Islam
there is no separation of church and state in Islamic countries
no discrimination based on race or class
Christians and Muslims began fighting over access to holy sites
in Jerusalem
political violence contradicts Islams traditional teachings jihad (holy war) is actually the ongoing inner struggle of
conscience to be a better Muslim

Religion in Politics
Protestantism

is the politics of dissent

Martin Luther (14831546) and the Protestant
Reformation opposed the power of the Roman
Catholic Church
Englands Act of Supremacy made the king or queen of
England the head of the new Church of England
John Calvin, John Knox, and others appealed to the
middle classes and gave rise to political democracies
Calvinism, Presbyterianism, and political voices of
conscience such as Quakers are all forms of
Protestantism

Religion in Politics
Religious Fundamentalism
Secularism
Individuals in Politics and Religion
Religion in Politics Today
Separation of Church and State

Religion in Politics
Religious Fundamentalism
In Christianity, fundamentalists feel that the state must be
subservient to God most evident in N Ireland
the degree of state backing of a state religion varies
there are numerous countries in the world with official
religions, recognizing one of the Roman Catholic, Orthodox,
Lutheran, Anglican, Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu, and Jewish
religions

Religion in Politics
Secularism
is

a policy of avoiding entanglement between

government and religion
Disestablishment is the process of divesting a
church of its status as an organ of the state
those who wish to continue with an established
church take a position of
antidisestablishmentarianism (!)
the First Amendment to the US Constitution
explicitly bans the federal government from setting
up a state church

Religion in Politics
Individuals in Politics and Religion
religious

leaders and thinkers have been powerful

voices of conscience in the secular world of politics
interplay of politics and religion within specific
individuals can be significant

Mohandas Gandhi and Indian Nationalism

Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Anti-Nazism
Mother Teresa and the Politics of Poverty
The Dalai Lama and the Defence of Tibet
Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Apartheid

Religion in Politics
Religion in Politics Today

Religion plays a significant role in politics in many different

parts of the world

Ireland and Northern Ireland (UK)

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
Israel and Palestine
China
Iran
United States

Religion in Politics
Separation of Church and State

at the structural level of government, separation of church and

state may be clear
at the everyday level, however, religious beliefs frequently
impinge on political procedures and decision making

Should a legislative session open with a prayer?

Should church property be exempt from taxation?
Should religious symbols be allowed in public schools and
government offices?
Should religious beliefs have precedence over human rights
legislation?

Revolution
When we think of democracy as mob rule it is easy

to identify the tendency and right of all individuals to

voice their opinions regarding the leadership of the
country. People in favour of this notion, agree that
protests are examples democracy at play.

Coup Detat

Religion in Politics
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Explain why in Hinduism every political decision is

also a religious decision.
In what ways was Confucianism an indispensable
component of political stability in China?
How was Buddhism adopted and adapted by several
Chinese emperors and the governments of various
dynasties?
How did the Jewish people maintain their cultural
identity despite the Diaspora?
Why were Jews often isolated socially and
politically?

Religion in Politics
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.

Describe the relationship between the Roman

Catholic Church and Henry IV of Germany,
Ferdinand of Spain, and Louis XIV of France.
Why did the Catholic Church split into the Western
and Eastern churches?
What is the relationship between religion and
government in Islam?
Why did Calvinism appeal to the middle classes?
How did the Protestant Reformation affect the
relationship between church and state?