SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

NATURE OF MANAGEMENT

Function of the executive leadership,

that is directing the organization
towards the attainment of its goals
and objectives
Accomplishment of desired goals and
objectives
by
establishing
an
environment
favorable
to
performance by people in organized
groups

Nature of management

Getting things done through other

people, first and foremost and
other resources
Knowing exactly what you want
your men to do, seeking that they
do it in the best and cheapest
way

ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT

AND

Systematic arrangement of people

to accomplish objectives/purpose
Managed by top management and
by-middle management managers
Organizational
structure
could
either be functional or divisional
System approach in organization

GROUP
SERVED
MANAGEMENT

BY

Internal Grouppersonnel and staff

External Groupimmediate
community members

MANAGEMENT SKILLS

Conceptual skills-mental ability to

analyze and diagnose complex
situations
Technical Skills-ability to apply
specialized
knowledge
and
expertise
Human Skills-ability to work with,
understand, & motivate other
people to act or work on set goals

FUNCTIONS OF
MANAGEMENT

Planning-is setting goals and deciding

on course of action, developing rules
and procedures, developing plans and
forecasting
Importance
*offset uncertainty & change
* focus attention on goals & objectives
*gain economical & effective operation
* facilitate monitoring/assessment/contl

Characteristics

Goal-directed-to facilitate
accomplishment
Primacy of planning-basis for
organizing, leading and monitoring
Pervasiveness of planning-for small
and big agency, formal or informal
Effectivity of plans-can be
measured hence attainable

Organizing

Identifying jobs to be done, hiring

people to do them, establishing
departments,
delegating
or
pushing
to
subordinate,
establishing a chain of command
and coordinating the work of the
manager's subordinate

Importance

Establish line of authority

Improve
the
efficiency
and
effectivity of the work
Facilitate attainment of goals and
objectives

Leading

Influencing other people to get the job

done, maintaining morale, molding
company
culture,
and
managing
conflicts and communication
A leader sets people in the right
direction,
gains
commitment
to
achieve the organizations mission
A leader motivates them to achieve
goals

HATS/ROLE WORE BY
MANAGERS

Figurehead role
Leader role
Liaison role
Spokesperson role
Negotiator role

CONTROLLING

Setting
standards
comparing
actual performance with these
standards, and then corrective
actions as required
Monitoring performance of the
organization

Effective
control/assessment need
to:

Plan what you want to achieve

Measure regularly what has been
achieved
Compare actual achievements
with the plan
Take action to correct deviation
from the plan

What are assessed?

People-the efficiency or effectiveness

of the people employed in terms of
their performance
Program-if
it
is
properly
implemented/observed
Plans-if they are achieved
Activities-how well they are expected
Plant-if it still serves its purpose

What are assessed?

Materials-their
availability,
condition, convertibility & waste
Services offered-extent to which
they are done
Policies-if all are still applicable or
need revisions
Linkages-its effectivity

Scientific ManagementFrederick Winslow Taylor

Managers should study work

scientifically to identify the" one
best way to get the job done.
Four principles of Scientific Mgt
1. The one best way
2. Scientific selection of personnel
3. Financial incentives
4. Functional Foremanship

Henri Fayols Principle

of Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

Division of Work
Authority and responsibility
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of direction
Subordination of individuals interest
to general interest
Remuneration of personnel

Fayols Principle
8. Centralization
9. Scalar Chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps

Max Weber-father of
Bureaucratic
Organization
Characteristics

1. A well defined hierarchy of authority

2. A clear division of work
3. A system of rules covering the rights and
duties of position incumbents
4. A system of procedures for dealing with
the work situation
5. Impersonality of interpersonal relationship
6. Selection for employment & promotion
based on technical competence

MANAGEMENT BY
OBJECTIVES

It is a process whereby members

of the organization jointly identify
its goals and objectives, defines
each individuals major areas of
responsibility in terms of results
expected of each and use as
guides
for
operating
the
organization and assessing the
contribution of all concerned.

MBO

A technique in which supervisor

and subordinate jointly set goals
for the latter and periodically
assess progress toward those
goals

Phases Of MBO

1. Finding the goals and

objectives
2. setting the goals and
objectives
3. Assessing and reporting goals
and objectives realized/done

QUALITY CONTROL
PROCESS

Solve a problem and eliminate its root

caused.
Steps
1. define the problem
2. Observe the problem
3. Analyze the problem
4. Act on the cause
5. Check the findings/results

Quality control
6. Standardize the changes
7. Draw conclusion

Strategic Management
Approach
It is the process of formulating goals,
defining strategies and doing it to
achieve them.
It is the process of identifying and
pursuing the organizations strategic
plan by aligning internal capabilities
with
external
demands
of
its
environment, and then ensuring the
plan is being properly executed

Steps are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

define the organization mission

Set goals and objectives
Conduct environmental scanning
Analyze existing strategies
Define strategic issues
Develop new or revised strategies
Decide on critical success factor

steps
8. Prepare operational resource
and project plan
9. Implement the plan
10. Monitor result/finding against
the plan

steps

Strategy-course of action
Strategic control-assessing the firms
progress towards its strategic objectives
and taking corrective actions
Strategic Planning-process of identifying
the business of the firm today and the
business it wants for the future
SWOT
Analysis-a
technique
for
summarizing a companys strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats

scanning

Environmental scanning-means of
obtaining
and
compiling
information
about
those
environmental forces that might
be relevant to the companys
strategic planners.

Total Quality
Management

It is the way of guaranteeing that

all
activities
within
an
organization happen the way they
have been planned in order to
meet the defined needs of all
stakeholders

Steps are:

Plan for quality

Organize for quality
Train for quality
Gain commitment to quality
Measure/assess if quality has
been done/observed

Decision Making

Process of developing and analyzing

alternative and making a choice

Problem-discrepancy between a desirable

and actual situation
Judgment-refers to the cognitive or
thinking aspects of the decision making
process

decision

Programmed
Decision-repetitive
and routine and that can be solved
through mechanical procedures

Non-programmed decision-unique
and
novel
and
mechanical
procedures are not available for
making decision

Rational
Approach
making

Management
to
Decision

Define the problem

Identify the criteria
Weight the criteria
Develop alternative
Analyze alternative
Make a choice, implement and
evaluate decision