Batching, Mixing,

Transporting, and Handling

Concrete

Stages in concrete making

Batching.
Mixing.
Transporting.
Placing.
Compacting.
Finishing.
Curing.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

BATCHING
Batching is the process of measuring
concrete mix ingredients by either mass
or volume and introducing them into the
mixer. To produce concrete of uniform
quality, the ingredients must be measured
accurately for each batch.
Percentages of accuracy of measurement
of cementitious material 1%, aggregates
2%, water 1%, and admixtures 3%.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

BATCHING
Equipment should be capable of measuring
quantities within these tolerances for the
smallest batch regularly used as well as for
larger batches. The accuracy of scales and
batching equipment should be checked
periodically and adjusted when necessary.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Control room for batching

equipment in a typical ready
mixed concrete plant.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Batching
Volume Batching.
All materials measured by volume.
Expressed in relative ratios
Difficult to ensure quality.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Batching
Weigh Batching
Materials quantities
by weight
Simple and
accurate

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Mixing

Hand Mixing
Small jobs
Inferior mixing
Low quality concrete
Machine Mixing
Good mixing
Large works

concrete mixers

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Tilting mixers
Non-tilting mixers
Reversing drum
mixers
Pan type or stirring
mixers
Transit mixer

Small pan mixer

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Mixers
Types

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Maintenance of Mixers

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Well maintained mechanically

Place on firm and leveled platform
Drum and blades must be cleaned
Drum should be kept in tilting position
to avoid rain water collection
The skip must rest on proper cushion
such as sand bags

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Stationary
Mixing

Stationary Mixers

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Onsite or Central Mix R/M plant

Used for complete or shrink mixing

Mixer Types up to 9m3

Tilting or non-tilting drum
Open top revolving blade or paddle
Typical complete mixing times
Minimum of 1 min. for up to 1 yd3
or less mixer capacity plus 15 sec.
for each additional yd3 or fraction
thereof

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Mixing Time

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Mixer speed is 15 to 20 rpm

25 to 30 revolutions are adequate.
Lesser mixing result in poor concrete.
Over mixing is uneconomical.
Mixing beyond 2 mins does improve
strength of concrete.
Mixing time is mixer capacity
dependent.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Mixing time- affect on

Strength

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Mixing Time

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Mixing time- affect on

Strength

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ready Mix
Concrete

Ready mixed concrete is proportioned and mixed off the

project site and is delivered to the construction area in a
freshly mixed and unhardened state

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ready Mixed Concrete

Central-mixed concrete

mixed completely in a
stationary mixer
delivered in
a truck agitator
a truck mixer operating at
agitating speed
a nonagitating truck

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ready Mixed Concrete

Shrink-mixed concrete

Truck-mixed concrete

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

mixed partially in a
stationary mixer and
completed in a truck mixer
mixed completely in a truck
mixer

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Truck Mixed
Concrete

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

70 to 100 revolutions required for mixing,

mixing speed = 6 to 18 rpm

After mixing, drum revolves at agitating

speed, 2 to 6 rpm

Discharge before exceeding 300 drum

revolutions
Discharge before 1 hours

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ordering Ready Mixed

Concrete
Specify:
Coarse aggregate size
Slump
Air content
Basis for proportioning, select
Options A ,B, or C.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ordering Ready Mixed

Concrete
Option Aperformance based:
Purchaser specifies:
Compressive strength
Concrete producer selects mix
proportions.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ordering Ready Mixed

Concrete
Option Bprescription based:

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Purchaser specifies mixture

proportions including:
Cement content
Water content
Admixture type and content
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ordering Ready Mixed

Concrete
Option Cmixed option:
Purchaser specifies:
Compressive strength
Cement content
Admixture type and content
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Concrete producer selects mix

proportions.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Ready
Mix
Plant

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Mobile Batcher
Mixer

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Intermittent

production of concrete at
jobsite, or small quantities.

Advantages: Combined
materials transporter and
batching and mixing system.
One-man operation.

Watch for: Good preventive

maintenance program.
Materials must be identical to
those in original mix design.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Nonagitating Truck

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Transport concrete

on short hauls over smooth
roadways.

Advantages: Cost of
nonagitating equipment is
lower than that of truck
agitators or mixers.

Watch for: Slump should be

limited. Possibility of
segregation. Height upon
discharge is needed.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Agitator Trucks

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Transporting concrete for all

uses. Haul distances must allow
discharge of concrete within 1 hours.

Advantages: Operate usually from

central mixing plants.

Watch for: Timing of deliveries should

suit job organization. Concrete crew and
equipment must be ready onsite to
handle concrete.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Remixing Concrete(1)
Water may be added at jobsite provided:
Spec. w/c-ratio is not exceeded
Measured slump less than specified
Allowable mixing and agitating time (or
drum revolutions) are not exceeded
Concrete is remixed

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

min. 30 rev. at mixing speed

until uniformity is within limits

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and Handling

Transporting

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Mortar pan
Wheel barrow
Chutes
Dumper
Bucket and
Ropeway
Belt conveyor
Skip and Hoist
Pumping

Transporting and
Handling
Wheelbarrows and Buggies

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Short flat hauls on all

types of onsite concrete
construction.

Advantages: Versatileideal
inside and on jobsites with
changing placing conditions.

Watch for: Slow and labor

intensive.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
Belt conveyor

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Conveying concrete

horizontally or higher/lower level.
Advantages: Adjustable reach,
traveling diverter, variable speed.
Watch for: End-discharge
arrangements needed to prevent
segregation and mortar on return
belt. Belt cover needed in hot and
windy weather.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
Truck mounted conveyors

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Conveying concrete

horizontally or higher/lower level.
Advantages: Conveyer arrives
with concrete. Adjustable reach
and variable speed.
Watch for: End-discharge
arrangements needed to prevent
segregation and mortar on return
belt. Belt cover needed in hot and
windy weather.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting
and Handling
Buckets

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used with: Cranes, cableways,

and helicopters.
Advantages: Enables full
versatility of cranes, cableways,
and helicopters to be exploited.
Clean discharge.
Watch for: Select bucket capacity
to conform to size of the concrete
batch and capacity of placing
equipment.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
ocean construction site using a ferry

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Transporting and
Handling

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15
Rear
Front
Discharge
Discharge

Transporting and
Handling
Cranes and Buckets

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Work above ground

level.
Advantages: Can handle
concrete, reinforcing steel,
formwork, and sundry items.
Watch for: Has only one hook.
Careful scheduling between trades
and operations is needed to keep
crane busy

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and Handling

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
Pumps

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Conveying concrete from

central discharge point to formwork.

Advantages: Pipelines take up little

space and can be readily extended.
Delivers concrete in continuous
stream. Pump can move.

Watch for: Constant supply of

freshly-mixed concrete is needed
without any tendency to segregate.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
Flexible
Hose at End of Pumps Rigid
Pipeline

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and Handling

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
12/27/15
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Pump Capacity
Planning

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling
Screw Spreaders

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Used for: Spreading concrete

over large flat areas.
Advantages: Concrete can be
quickly spread over a wide
area to a uniform depth.
Watch for: They are normally
used as part of a paving train.
They should be used for
spreading before vibration is
applied.

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

12/27/15

Transporting and
Handling

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete

Work Above Ground

12/27/15
Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Level