The

Presentation for Class VIII

Presented by: Miss. Farheen

The Cell

Basic structural & functional

unit of all living organisms.
Also known as building
blocks of the body.

Discovery
Robert Hook discovered the cell in
1665.

Story behind the

Discovery
He observed
the slices of cork
and bark of trees under a
microscope and observe the
numbers of tiny compartments
that a appeared like a
Honeycomb. He gave the
term Cell to each of the boxes.

Cell
Theory
Theodor
Schwann & M. J.
Schleiden gave the cell theory.
The cell theory state that1. All the living organisms are
made up of cells.
2. New cells are formed from
the pre-existing cells.
3. Cells are considered as
building blocks of the body

Classification of
Classification
Unicellular
of Organisms on the basis of number of cells
Organisms

Unicellular
Organisms
1. Consists
of Single Cell.
2. All the vital activities such asRespiration, Reproduction,
Digestion, etc. are carried out
in a single cell. For Example:
Amoeba, Paramecium, Yeast, etc.

Multicellular
Organisms
1. Consists
of more than one cell.
2. Different organs performs different vital
activities in the body. For example:
Human being, Animals, Plants, Etc.

Cell Size
Size of cell ranging from a micron to few centimeters.
The largest cell in plant- OVULE OF CYCAS.
Largest cell in animals- EGG OF AN OSTRICH.
Smallest cell in animals- Mycoplasma
In human beings Largest cell Nerve cells.
Smallest cell Blood cells.

Cell
Shapes

Cells have different shapes which varies from

organism to organism. Some shapes are Irregular- Amoeba, W.B.C.
Round or Spherical- Egg, R.B.C.
Long & Thin- Muscles cell.
Elongated and Branched- Nerve cells.
Bean Shaped- Guard cells of stomata.
Long and Rectangular- Mesophyll cells in
the leaf.

Structure of
Cell

Structure of a Cell

Cell
Membrane

o
o
o
o

Thin outer covering of the cell.

Present in both Plants and animals.
also known as Plasma Membrane.
In plants in additional covering is
present around the cell membrane
called the cell wall.
o Cell wall provides rigidity, shape and
protection to the cells.

Nucleus

o It was discovered by Robert Brown.

o It is spherical in shape present in
the center of the cell.
o It acts as a control centre of all the
activities going on in the cell thats
why it is considered as the BRAIN
of the cell.

Components of
Nucleus

Components of Nucleus

Classification of
Nucleus

Classification of nucleus on the basis of composition of nucleus.

Prokaryotic
These cells having
the primitive
Cells
type of nucleus. It means that
the nuclear material is not
surrounded by the nuclear
membrane. For example:
Bacteria, blue-green algae.

Eukaryotic
These cells having
true nucleus. It
Cells
means nuclear material is
surrounded by the nuclear
membrane. For example: All
plants & animals.

Difference between
Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Primitive type of
nucleus is present.

True nucleus is
present.

Nuclear material is not Nuclear material is

surrounded by nuclear surrounded by nuclear
membrane.
membrane.
D.N.A. circular in
Cytoplasm.

D.N.A. is long and

linear in structure.

Histone protein is
absent.

Histone protein is
present.

70S type of

80S type of

Cytoplasm

o This is jelly like substance.

o All the chemical reactions and functions takes
place in Cytoplasm.
o It consist of some tiny structure called organelles.
o Different organelles present in the cytoplasm are

Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi bodies
Lysosomes
Plastids
vacuoles

Mitochondrio
o It is small spherical long rods or
n
filamentous structure.
o It is called as Power House of
the cell because it forms energy
in the form ATP.

Endoplasmic
Reticulum

o It coated mass of membrane.

o Found in plasma membrane.
o There are two types of Endoplasmic reticulumo Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (without ribosome).
o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (with ribosome).

o It acts as cytoskeleton.
o It provides mechanical support to the cell.
o It helps in Protein synthesis.

Ribosome
o
o
o
o

Palade, in 1955 reported Ribosome for the first time.

Found in Mitochondrion, chloroplast and nucleus.
These are spherical structure without membrane.
There are two types of ribosomes present in cells.
o 70S type.
o 80S type.

o It helps in protein synthesis.

Golgi Bodies

o This was discovered by Camillo Golgi in

1898.
o In plants it is known as Dictyosome.
o It helps secretion and storage of many
products.
o It acts like packaging department.
o It ready to deliver protein products in the
cell.

Lysosomes
o It was discovered by Christian De Duve in.
o These are small vacuoles in cytoplasm
which are filled with digestive enzymes.
o Lysosomes are present animal cells only.
o It is also known suicidal bags.

Chromosomes

o It was discovered by Waldeyer.

o These are thread like structure
present in the nucleus.
o It helps in transmitting characters
from one generation to the other.
o Number of chromosomes in human
beings is 46.

Plastids

o These are found in plant cells only.

o It helps in synthesis of food and storage
of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
o Plastids are of three typeso Leucoplast (Colorless)
o Chromoplast (Yellow, Orange and Red in
color)
o Chloroplast (Green in color).

Vacuoles
o It is membrane bound cell organelles.
o Having no internal structure.
o They are generally used to store cell
products or protect the rest of the cell from
invading microorganisms.
o Vacuole are generally present in plant cells.

Difference between
Animal Cells and
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Plant Cells
Cell membrane is
present.

Cell membrane is
present.

Cell wall is absent.

Cell wall is present.

Plastid are absent.

Plastid are present.

Vacuoles are absent.

Vacuoles are present.

Facts about the cell.

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