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Waves
Some definitions
1) Amplitude this is
how high the wave is:
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Some definitions
Transverse waves are
when the displacement
is at right angles to the
direction of the wave
Longitudinal waves
are when the
displacement is
parallel to the
direction of the wave
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in Hz
in m
V
f
Properties of Light
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Laser
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Homework
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Reflectors
Shadows
Shadows are places where light is blocked:
Rays of light
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Reflection
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Incident ray
Angle of
incidence
Angle of
reflection
Mirror
Using mirrors
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Two examples:
2) A car headlight
1) A periscope
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Refraction through a glass block:
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Refraction
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In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water
bent causing the pen to look odd. The two
and are _____,
air
water
mediums in this example are ______
and _______.
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THE CRITICAL
ANGLE
4) Ray gets
internally reflected
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Optical fibres:
An optical fibre is a long, thin, transparent
_______ rod made of
internally reflected from one
glass or plastic. Light is _______
large
end to the other, making it possible to send ____
chunks of information
Optical fibres can be used for communications
_________ by sending
electrical signals through the cable. The main advantage
signal loss.
of this is a reduced ______
Words communications, internally, large, transparent, signal
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Wave diagrams
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1) Reflection
2) Refraction
3) Refraction
4) Diffraction
Diffraction
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Deviation of Light
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PURPLE LIGHT is
refracted THE MOST
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long
Low frequency, _____
(high) wavelength
High frequency,
short wavelength
_____
Gamma rays
X-rays
Infra red
Microwaves
Radio/TV
vacuum
Each of these types travels at the same speed through a _______
(300,000,000m/s), and different wavelengths are absorbed by different
black
surfaces (e.g. infra red is absorbed very well by ___________
surfaces).
This absorption may heat the material up (like infra red andmicrowaves
_______) or
TV_______).
aerial
cause an alternating current (like in a __
Using an oscilloscope
1) Quiet sound, low frequency:
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Ultrasound
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1) Pre-natal scanning
2) Cleaning it can be used to
dislodge dirt
3) Detecting flaws or cracks
4) Medical treatment
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Transmitting information
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Optical fibres have two main advantages: they can send more information
compared to electrical cables of the same diameter and with less signal
weakening.
Another example is radio waves:
Ionosphere
The longer wavelength waves are transmitted by being reflected off the
ionosphere (an electrically charged layer in the Earths atmosphere).
Transmitting information
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Signal
____ wave
______ wave
Transmitter
Wave is
demodulated
back into a ____
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Seismic waves
Earthquakes travel as waves through the Earth we call them
SEISMIC WAVES. There are two types:
P waves:
1) They are longitudinal so they cause the ground
to move up and down
2) They can pass through solids and liquids
3) They go faster through more dense material
S waves:
1) They are transverse so they cause the ground
to move from right to left
2) They ONLY pass through solids
3) They are slower than P waves
4) They go faster through more dense material
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Seismic waves
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