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Computers:

What they do, what they


are

Learning objectives:

a. understand the role of computer in the modern

society;
b. comprehend the capabilities of computers
and
its limitations;
c. appreciate the necessity of studying computers
and its History;
d. know the basic parts of the computer; and
e. identify the different parts of the
computer
system

What is a computer?
Is

a programmable machine designed to


automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or
logical operations. It can solve mathematical
operations, sorts out data for easier access, and
repeatedly do the task for the users satisfaction and
later on an output is produced.
Is capable of accepting data that comes in any forms.
It is an electronic device capable of accepting data
and processes this data to produce useful and
meaningful information.

Capabilities of a computer:

1. Computer has the ability to perform

mathematical and logical operations.

Capabilities of a computer:
2. It can process data at a very fast speed
with almost perfect accuracy.

Capabilities of a computer:
3. It can store a great amount and variety
of operations.

Capabilities of a computer:
4.

It can handle volumes of repetitive task


accurately over a long period of time.

Capabilities of a computer:
5. It can communicate with its operators

and other machine

Limitations:
1. It can only carry out those operations

person has programmed or


perform.

that a
instructed to

2. It can detect, but generally, cannot

correct

a wrong input or instructions


3. It is subject to occasional breakdown or

malfunction

History of computer:
1. The abacus was an early aid for mathematical

computations. The abacus is attributed to China by


the Babylonians.

History:
2. Napier's Bones. In 1617 an eccentric Scotsman

named John Napier invented logarithms,


which are a technology that allows multiplication to
be performed via addition.

History:
3. Calculating clock - so named by its inventor,

the German professor Wilhelm Schickard in 1623.

History:
4. Pascaline - In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, as an

aid for his father who was a tax collector.

History:
5. Punched cards

- In 1801 the Frenchman


Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that
could base its weave (and hence the design on the
fabric) upon a pattern automatically read from
punched wooden cards, held together in a long row
by rope.

History:
Difference Engine - a

steam driven calculating


machine the size of a
room, by the English
mathematician
Charles Babbage
in 1822 .

History:
7. Hollerith desk (1890) -

consisted of a card reader


which sensed the holes in
the cards, a gear driven
mechanism which could
count
(using
Pascal's
mechanism which we still
see in car odometers), and a
large wall of dial indicators
(a car speedometer is a dial
indicator) to display the
results of the count.

History:
6. Mark I-

which was
built as a partnership
between Harvard and
IBM in 1944. This was
the first programmable
digital computer made in
the U.S.

History:
7. ENIAC (1945) -

Electronic Numerical
Integrator and
Calculator was built
at the University of
Pennsylvania by two
professors, John
Mauchly and the 24
year old J. Presper
Eckert.

History:
7.Microprocessor

(1971) - is a computer
that is fabricated on an
integrated circuit (IC).
Computers had been
around for 20 years
before
the
first
microprocessor
was
developed at Intel .

The Computer System:


A. HARDWARE
CPU Central processing Software
Input Devices:
The Keyboard
Mouse

Output Devices:
The Printer
The Monitor
The Speaker

Storage Devices
Diskettes
Hard Disk
Compact Disc
Flash Drive
B. SOFTWARE
C. PEOPLEWARE

CPU Central Processing Unit


Or simply termed

as the processor;
also referred to as
the brain of the
computer, because
all the processing
takes place in this
part.

Input Devices:
The KEYBOARD
Is a typewriter like device use for inputting data. It is

most commonly used input device.

The MOUSE

- Equipped with one or more control buttons, that is


housed in a palm-sized case, next to your keyboard.

Output Devices:
The PRINTER a computer peripheral

designed to print computer-generated text


or graphics on paper.
The MONITOR produces an on-screen

display, including all necessary internal


support circuitry.
The SPEAKER - a computer peripheral

used to output sounds.

Storage Devices:

Hard Disk contained a disk plotter that spins

continuously at a speed within a sealed enclosure.


Diskette / Floppy Disk
Compact Disc
Flash Drive

Software and Peopleware:


Software is a set of programs to run the hardware.

Ex.
Application Software - spreadsheet,

document production software, database mngt.


Software, presentation software etc.
System Software Operating system,
programming language, Device Drivers
etc.
Peopleware are the users of the computer.

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