Beruflich Dokumente
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GROUP 1
BSA 2-6
FOOD
The nutrients
contained in food is
essential for normal
cell function and for
DIGESTIVE PROCESS
1.Ingestion
2.Digestion
3.Absorption
4.Egestion
INGESTION
It is the process of
taking food or drink
into the body
DIGESTION
It is the breaking down of
complex nutrient molecules
mainly carbohydrates, fats and
proteins into simpler
onesDigestion is the primarily
enzymatic processes by which
ABSORPTION
It is the movement of
the products of
digestion, such as
glucose or amino acids,
from the alimentary
EGESTION
It is the elimination of
indigestible material, such
as fiber, as well as dead
cells and bacteria from
the body in the form of
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
FOOD IS DIGESTED
INTO TWO WAYS:
1. Intracellular Digestion
Inside the cell particularly in the
lysosomes, characteristics of a
unicellular organism
2. Intercellular Digestion
LIPS
FUNCTIONS OF
LIPS
KeepingTHE
food in the mouth
Helping to prevent the food from falling
out during the process of mastification
Helping to produce speech and other
sounds (whistling)
Drinking (especially with straw)
Smaller muscles at the corner of the lips
CHEEKS
Fleshy part of the either side of the
face below the eye and between the
nose and ear
Lined with mucous membrane and
stratified squamous, nonkeratinizing type of epithelium
Main substance: striated muscles
MOUTH (ORAL /
BUCCAL CAVITY)
SWALLOWING OR
DEGLUTITION
Process by which food or liquid which
is conveyed from the mouth is cut and
ground by the teeth and mixed with
saliva, the tongue pushes it back of
the mouth to the stomach via an
esophagus.
Masticati
on
(Process
of
Teeth
-are made of hardbone-like material and
are set in shock
absorbent
gums.
TYPES OF
TEETH:
TYPES OF
a. IncisorsTEETH:
(central and lateral incisors) sharp, chisel-shaped teeth, used for
nd
Tongue
-A fleshy muscular, flexible
organ that occupies the
floor of the mouth.
Papillae- minute nodules
Taste Buds- responsible for
Types of Papillae
Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallates
Saliva
A viscous, colorless, watery,
opalescent, slightly alkaline fluid
secreted into the mouth by the
salivary glands and the mucous
membranes that lines the
mouth.
Salivary Glands
These are found in the oral
cavity.
There are three pairs of
salivary glands: submandibular
glands, parotid glands,
sublingual glands.
Mumps
-viral infection of the gland.
- In males, after puberty
Orchitis (inflammation of
the Testes) develops in about
cases, only one testes is
affected, becoming swollen,
Submandibular or sumaxilliary
glands or sumaxilliary duct
- these lie between mandible and
the muscles forming the floor of the
mouth on either side.
- they pour their secretions through
the Whartons duct which leaves the
deep surface of the glands and runs
forward to open at the top of the
sublingual papilla on the floor of the
Sublingual glands
- these lie beneath the mucous
membrane of the mouth on the
inside of the tongue.
- smallest of the salivary gland
- They pour their secretions through
Bartolins or Riviniuss duct in
the floor of the tongue or by larger
ducts which join the ducts of the
*Excessive salivation
Production of too much saliva occurs in
numerous disorders including mouth irritation
Caused by:
1. Jogged teeth or dental caries
2. Toothache
3. Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums)
4. Mouth ulcer
5. Painful mouth injury
6. Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
Gastric Gland
Found in the rugae of
stomach.
Secret gastric juices.
Controlled by medulla of
Intestinal Glands
Found in the intestine
which secretes
intestinal juices.
Palate
The roof of the mouth.
Separates mouth from
the nasal cavities.
Types:
Important in:
Breathing and eating
Can change shape to
help form vowel
sounds in speech.
Epiglottis
- a flap of cartilage lying behind
the tongue and in front of the
entrance to the larynx.
Glottis
- the part of the larynx (voice box)
that consists of the vocal cords
and the slit like opening between
Peristalsis
- The involuntary
wavelike muscular
contractions that propel
the contained matter
along tubular organs.
Cardiac sphincter or
gastroesophageal sphincter
- a muscular ring between the
esophagus and stomach.
- it relaxes to open and let food
through.
- it prevents the backward
movement of food to the
esophagus.
V. Small Intestine
the major part of
the digestive tract.
It is the site of final
digestion and
Defecation (bowel
movement)
is the process of
emptying the large
intestine of its
contents
Four layer:
Outermost serous
layer
Muscular layer
Sub mucous layer
Orifice
-internal sphincter, cannot be
controlled voluntarily
-external sphincter, can be
relaxed at will
Flatus
gas or air in the intestine
Accessory Organs of
the Digestive System
1. Pancreas all flesh
an elongated, tapered
gland that lies under the
stomach except for its
Functions:
Digestive functions
secretes pancreatic juice
and bicarbonates
Hormonal functions
islets of Langerhans,
Functions:
Digestion and utilization of food bile aids digestion
in the small intestine
Excretory function withdraws damaged and
disintegrated red blood cells from the bloodstream
Circulatory function helps regulate the blood volume
Protective functions and detoxification liver converts
certain poisonous compounds
Hematologic function helps in formulation of blood
and produce fibrinogen
Storage function glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D, K and
3. Gall bladder
small, pear
shaped muscular
sac which stores bile
COMMON
DIGESTIVE
DISEASES AND
DIARRHEA- a frequent
passage of abnormally
loose, watery stool.
PEPTIC ULCERS- are
ulcers of the stomach
(gastric) or small
intestine (duodenal).
Bile
-is secreted by the liver cells
and collected by a system of
tubes that mirror the blood
supply to the organ.
-it carries away waste products
formed in the liver and helps
break down fat in the small
intestine during digestion. -is
CONSTITUENT OF BILE
1. Waste Product (such as pigment
bilirubin and biliverdin)
Bilirubin - main pigment found in
bile (responsible for the brown
color of feces) - the pigment
associated with jaundice.
Biliverdin - a green compound,
which gives the liquid its greenishbrown color, occuring in bile