GSM Special Subject Training Material

SDR Basics and

Network Planning V1.0

Outline:
ZXSDRseries
series
I.I.ZXSDR
equipmentintroduction
introduction
equipment

II. STSR and

OTSR networking

ZXSDR equipment family

Differences between STSR and

OTSR

ZXSDR networking and cascade

objective

ZXSDR maximum configuration

OTSR networking in two ways

ZXSDR

ZXSDRs RU/RRU technical criterion

III.ZXSDR
ZXSDR
III.
equipmentpp&&oo
equipment

IV. ZXSDR
equipment
applications
High speed
railway areas

OTSR networking

Indoor coverage
Outdoor coverage

Influences over o & p

Link budget

Capacity planning

Channel planning

Frequency planning

I. ZXSDR series equipment

introduction
1.

What is SDR?

2.

What are the technological qualities of SDR?

3.

What are ZXSDR series equipment? How about the maximum configuration?

4.

What are the ways of networking between BBU and RU/RRU?

5.

What is the maximum distance for RRU cascade? What is the maximum number
of cascade tiles?

6.

How to realize RRU cascade synchronization?

7.

What is the maximum configuration for ZXSDR series equipment?

8.

What is the baseband unit for ZXSDR equipment?

9.

What is the radio frequency processing unit for ZXSDR equipment?

10.

First technical specifications of RU/RRU: Work pattern? Capacity?

Applications? Independent networking? With built-in combiner or not?

11.

Second technical specifications of RU/RRU: Power of set top unit? Working

frequency bands? Bandwidth constraint? Sensitivity? Compatible with what
kind of coverage strengthening technologies? Baseband frequency-hopping
supported or not?

12.

How is the carrier power allocated for the multi-carrier radio unit?

1. What is SDR
SDR
SDRSoftware
SoftwareDefined
DefinedRadio
Radio
The
Thesame
sameradio
radiofrequency
frequencychannel
channelmodule
modulecan
canbe
bedefined
defined
as
asdifferent
differentmodes
modesby
bysoftware.
software.For
Forexample,
example,ititcan
canbe
be
defined
definedas
asGSM
GSMsingle
singlemode,
mode,UMTS
UMTSsingle
singlemode,
mode,or
orG/U
G/U
dual
dualmode.
mode.

ZXSDR
ZXSDR series
series products
products make
make SDR
SDR come
come true
true

2. What are the technological qualities of

SDR?
A multi-mode, multi-frequency
band, unified hardware
platform

It is easier to realize the development

from 2G,3G to 4G

A platform structure of
separated baseband and radio
frequency

The separated radio frequency makes it

possible to set up scattered base
stations, and more flexible networking.

A baseband processing unit

built on u TCA structure

Networks share all the boards except the

baseband processing board.

A radio frequency unit with

broadband multi-carrier power
amplifier

Networks of the same band can be

converged only with a software
definition; while those of different band
can be converged only by adding a RU
module.

3.

What are ZXSDR series equipment? How about the

maximum configuration?

GU dual mode multi-carrier

Processing capacity of each UBPG (12

TRX carrier frequency)

A single R8860 configuration is 1-6 GSM

carrier frequency or 1-4 UMTS carrier
frequency. The maximum configuration is
4G+1U. (At present, 2U configuration is not
supported by R8.2)

For a single piece of equipment it can be expanded from

36TRX to 72TRX.

TCA structure, 2U high.

No more than 5 baseband processing

boards for each 1B8200

B8200+R8860 to
form a scattered
base station
R8860

R8860

Compatible with G/U dual mode

36TRX for a single cabinet

Maximum configuration: S12/12/12 or

S6/6/6/6/6/6

S12/12/12 or S6/6/6/6/6/6 maximum

configuration for a single station without an
additional piece of equipment

Flexible deployment, compatible with G/U

dual mode

B8200

S20/20/20 or S10/10/10/10/10/10 is the maximum

configuration for a single station with an additional piece of
equipment. (At present, the additional piece of equipment is not
available, the period of validity of the aperture expires on 31st,
Dec, 2009.)

A one-piece cabinet only

supports 1 RSU60, or
(together with) more than
one R8860; A divided
cabinet only supports the
configuration of R8860;

Compatible with G/U dual mode

RU02

RU02A

Maximum
configuration: S12/12/12
or S6/6/6/6/6/6

BS8906 G060 is a single

mode GSM product.

RU60
Indoor macro BTS BS8800

RSU60
Outdoor micro BTS BS8906 G060

Outdoor macro BTS

BS8900

4. What are the ways of networking between BBU

and RU/RRU?
AAsingle
singlestation
stationfor
forno
nomore
morethan
than66cells
cells
Support
Support33networking
networkingways:
ways:

Star
Startopology,
topology,12
12light
lightinterfaces
interfacesfor
for12
12RU/RRU
RU/RRU

Chain
Chaintopology,
topology,RRU
RRUfor
forno
nomore
morethan
than44cascade
cascade
tiles;
tiles;

Mixed
Mixedtopology,
topology,for
for48
48RRU
RRUat
atmost
most

5. What is the maximum distance for RRU cascade?

What is the maximum number of cascade tiles?
For
Forchain
chaintopology,
topology,the
themaximum
maximumnumber
numberof
ofcascade
cascadetiles
tilesis
is
44
The
Themaximum
maximumdistance
distancebetween
betweenBBU
BBUand
andthe
thelast
lastRRU
RRUis
is
10km
10km
10km

R8600

R8600

R8600

R8600

6.How to realize RRU cascade

synchronization?
The
Thesystem
systemcan
canautomatically
automaticallycalculate
calculatethe
thedelay
delaybetween
betweenBBU
BBU
and
andRRU,
RRU,and
andmake
makeaacompensation
compensationfor
forit.
it.Since
SinceBBU
BBUwill
will
measure
measurethe
thedelay
delayof
ofeach
eachRRU
RRUand
andcompensate
compensatefor
forit,
it,RRU
RRU
cascade
cascadesynchronization
synchronizationcan
canbe
berealized.
realized.

7. What is the maximum configuration for ZXSDR series

equipment?
Equipment types

Maximum carrier
frequency for a
single station

Maximum configuration for a single station

Main piece +
additional piece (At
present, the additional
piece of equipment is
not available, the
period of validity of
the aperture expires on
31st, Dec, 2009)

60

S20/20/20 or S10/10/10/10/10/10

Main piece

36

S12/12/12 or S6/6/6/6/6/6

BS8900

36

S12/12/12 or S6/6/6/6/6/6

BS8906 G060

60

S20/20/20 or S10/10/10/10/10/10

BS8700

60

S20/20/20 or S10/10/10/10/10/10

BS8800

It is suggested that S12/12/12 or S6/6/6/6/6/6 should be the maximum for a

It is suggested that S12/12/12 or S6/6/6/6/6/6 should be the maximum for a
single station.
single station.
If the configuration for a cell is no more than 12TRX, one antenna and
If the configuration for a cell is no more than 12TRX, one antenna and
feeder
feeder
is needed.
is needed.
If it is more than 12TRX, there are two possible solutions:
If it is more than 12TRX, there are two possible solutions:
1. Add one antenna and feeder (recommended)
1. Add one antenna and feeder (recommended)
2. Add one bridge (3dB loss, not recommended!)
2. Add one bridge (3dB loss, not recommended!)

8. What is the baseband unit for ZXSDR

equipment?

Fiber
switch
board
GSM
baseband /
WCDMA
baseband

Power module
Site alarm

Fan module

Control & clock

& switch board

Power module PM
Provide power for each board;
Default setting is 1, and 1+1 backup is optional.
Site alarm SA
It integrates the function of environment monitor and
control and that of E1interface. It provides 8 node
ports monitors, 6 in and 2 out, and 8 E1/T1
interfaces;
1 fixed configuration
Control and clock and switch board CC
It is responsible for the switch between media stream
and control flow;
It controls the clock and monitors the insertion box;
GE interface on the panel is suitable for either optical
or power access, and is for Abis transmission. It also
provides GPS antenna interface;
Default setting is 1, and and 1+1 backup is optional.

Fiber switch board FS

It is used to switch IQ signal;
Each FS board supports 6 fiber interface, used for
connection with RU module;
Default setting is 1, and the maximum configuration is
2, which depends on the number of optical ports

G/W baseband board UBPG/BPC

It is used to deal with baseband signal;
GSM and WCDMA use different types of baseband
(UBPG or BPC). One UBPG supports 12 TRX;

Fan module (FA):

It is on one side of subrack to dissipate heat;
1 fixed configuration

9. What is the radio frequency processing unit for

ZXSDR equipment?
U single mode
multi-carrier
G single mode
dual-carrier

RU02A

RU02

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

RSU40

Built-in frequency
module

RU60

RSU60

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

R8860 GU906/GU186Output power of the set-top unit 60w

R8860 GU908/G188/GU858/G198
Output power of the set-top unit 80w

Remote radio head

module
R8860

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

10. Technical specifications for RFP unit RU/RRU (1)

RU/RRU type

Mode

Capacity for one

RU/RRU

Applications

Independent
networking?

Built-in
combiner?

RU02

GSM single mode

dual-carrier

2TRX

Suitable for low/medium traffic

areas with no more than 4
carrier for each cell

Yes

Yes

RU02A

GSM single mode

dual-carrier

2TRX

Suitable for low/medium traffic

areas, and expanded to S4 by
integrating with RU02

No

Yes

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

GSM 1 6TRX or
UMTS 1 4C or
4G+1U which is the
maximum configuration
for the dual mode

S1 S12
configuration suitable for
medium/large traffic areas,
compatible with G/U dual mode
networking configuration.

Yes

No

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

GSM 1 6TRX or
UMTS 1 4C or
4G+1U which is the
maximum configuration
for the dual mode

Yes

No

RU60

RSU60

R8860
GU906/GU186
/
GU908/G188/GU85
8/G198

GU dual mode
multi-carrier

GSM 1 6TRX or
UMTS 1 4C or
4G+1U which is the
maximum configuration
for the dual mode

S1 S12 configuration,
suitable for low/large traffic
areas or outdoor coverage

S1 S12 configuration, in
form of scattered base stations,
and suitable for some special
applications, like railway areas,
indoor coverage, and ultra long
range coverage.

Yes

No

1 TDUP unit in RU02,

and 2 antenna and
feeder interfaces on
the panel;
No TDUP unit in
RU02A, no antenna
and feeder interface
on the panel;
So independent
RU02A networking is
not expected, and it
can only integrate with
RU02 to form S4.

Strongly
recommended radio
frequency processing
units!

11. Technical specifications for RFP unit RU/RRU (2)

Set-top unit output power W
RU/RRU type

RU02

GMSK

40w upon
combination 20W

8-PSK

25 upon
combination 12.5W

RU02A

40w upon
combination 20W

25 upon
combination 12.5W

RU60

60W power
configuration per
carrier

Work frequency
band

900/1800M

Work
bandwidth

25M/75M

900/1800M

25M/75M

40W power
configuration per
carrier

EGSM/900/180
0M

GU dual
mode 20M;
G single
mode 10M

RSU60

80W power
configuration per
carrier

50W power
configuration per
carrier

EGSM/900/180
0M/850/1900M

R8860
GU906/GU186

60W power
configuration per
carrier

40W power
configuration per
carrier

EGSM/900/180
0M

GU dual
mode 20M;
G single
mode 10M

R8860
GU908/G188/
GU858/G198

80W power
configuration per
carrier

50W power
configuration per
carrier

EGSM/900/180
0M/850/1900M

GU dual
mode 20M;
G single
mode 15M

This influences link

budget, and differs from
the traditional coverage
planning.

GU dual
mode 20M;
G single
mode 15M

GSM
sensitivity

Support of
frequency
hopping

Coverage
strengthening
technology

-112dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DPCT/DDT/FWD
R/IRC

-112dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DPCT/DDT/FWD
R/IRC

-113dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DDT/FWDR/IRC

-113dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DDT/FWDR/IRC

-113dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DDT/FWDR/IRC

-113dBm

Baseband
frequencyhopping/radio
frequencyhopping

DDT/FWDR/IRC

The bandwidth constraint

requires more
consideration about
frequency planning, so
more difficulties come
along!

12. How is the carrier power allocated for the multi-carrier

radio unit?
RU/RRU type

RU60

RSU60

R8860
GU906/GU186

R8860
GU908/G188/GU
858/G198

R8.2 version the existing version

The total
output power
of the settop unit W

The configuration of maximum

output power per carrier for R8.2
W

60W

GSM 7 levels
10W/12W/15W/20W/30W/40W/
60W
UMTS 20W/30W/40W

80W

GSM 9 levels
10W/12W/15W/20W/25W/30W/
40W/60W/80W
UMTS 20W/30W/40W

60W

GSM 7 levels
10W/12W/15W/20W/30W/40W/
60W
UMTS 20W/30W/40W

2. The degree of adjustment for each carrier

frequency can be different when the power level
needs to be adjusted.

80W

GSM 9 levels
10W/12W/15W/20W/25W/30W/
40W/60W/80W
UMTS 20W/30W/40W

3. GSM carrier frequency number power per

carrier frequency + UMTS carrier power <= the
total output power of the set-top unit

1. The output power of each GSM carrier

frequency in the same radio frequency module
must be the same.
2. The degree of adjustment for each carrier
frequency must be the same when the power
level needs to be adjusted.
3. GSM carrier frequency number power per
carrier frequency + UMTS carrier power <= the
total output power of the set-top unit
R9 version
1. The output power of each GSM carrier
frequency in the same radio frequency module
can be configured respectively.

Under this premise, the output power of each

carrier frequency can be customized in the
range of 0 the maximum value.

II. STSR and OTSR networking

1.

What is STSR/OTSR networking?

2.

What is multi-carrier combining?

3.

What are the forms of OTSR networking?

4.

What is the influence of OTSR networking over the

Internet?

1. What is STSR/OTSR networking?

OTSR

STSR

Sectorized TX Sectorized RX

Omni transmitter and sectorized

sectorized transmitter and

receiver

sectorized receiver

1 coverage zone for each cell

not including repeater system

Omni TX Sectorized RX

more than 1 coverage zone for

each cell

Logically, this networking allows

The same as traditional omni site or N

several antennas of different

sector site networking

locations and directions to be in

one cell

OTSR can be realized by a

traditional power divider, or SDR
multi-carrier combining.

2. What is Multi Carrier Unite

Combine?
MCUM
MCUM
Multi
MultiCarrier
CarrierUnite
UniteCombine
Combine
M
MRRU
RRUare
areconnected
connectedwith
withNNantenna
antenna(M
(Mis
isaamultiple
multipleof
ofN,
N,
values
valuescan
canbe
be11
2)
2)
Logically,
Logically,all
allthe
thecarrier
carrierof
ofRRU
RRUbelongs
belongsto
toone
onecell
cell
the
the
downlink
downlinksignals
signalsof
ofaanumber
numberof
ofRRU
RRUare
arethe
thesame
same
and
andthe
the
uplink
uplinksignals
signalsare
arecombined
combinedthrough
throughchoices.
choices.

3. What are the forms of OTSR

networking?
The
Theform
formof
ofMCUM
MCUM
OTSR-2
OTSR-202
02station
stationmodel
modelrealized
realizedby
by
MCUM
MCUMneeds
needs22R8860
R8860with
with22carrier
carrier
for
foreach.
each.The
Theoutput
outputpower
powerof
ofthe
thesetsettop
topunit
unitisis30W.
30W.
OTSR
OTSRrealized
realizedby
byMCUM
MCUMdoesnt
doesnt
incorporate
extra
loss.
incorporate extra loss.

Ant1
0

R8860

Ant2
60

R8860

The
Theform
formof
ofpower
powerdivider
divider
The
form
of
power
divider
The form of power dividercan
canbe
be
realized
by
any
base
station
realized by any base stationform.
form.For
For
example

B8018

OTSR-2
O2
station
example B8018 OTSR-2 O2 station
model
modelwith
with2TRX
2TRX and
andaa20W
20Wset-top
set-top
unit.
unit.With
Withthe
the3dB
3dBloss
lossby
bypower
power
divider
dividerthe
thepower
powerisisreduced
reducedto
to
10W.
10W.
By the use of powder divider 3dB
By the use of powder divider 3dB
loss
lossisisincorporated
incorporatedand
andthe
thepower
power
of the set-top unit is reduced by half.
of the set-top unit is reduced by half.

Logically, the two directions of

coverage (0/60) belong to the
same cell both the
configuration and the channel
number are the same
The motion among the cells
covered by the two antennae
doesnt need
reselection/handover among the
cells.

Ant1
0

Ant2
60

Power divider
3dB

Only the
emission path
is drawn here.

4. Influence of OTSR networking over the

internet
1
2

Influence over the performance of the Internet

Reduction of the reselection/handover between cells
Influence over the frequency and the planning of the nearby cell
One cell may have several coverage directions, possible co& adjacent interference on all directions needs
consideration. Especially, in cities of great intensity, frequency planning is more difficult
High-speed railway coverage should use MCUM OTSR, the distance of frequency reuse is increased, and the
planning is easier.
The increase of coverage directions of a cell means the increase of coverage range. So this is no longer only limited
by the beamwidth and gain of each antenna but more consideration is put into the nearby cell.
The influence over the coverage and the planning of capacity
The received signal of the uplink N antenna is combined through
choices so the uplink receive diversity gain is increased, and the quality of
uplink coverage is improved
Since N direction antennae transmit the same signal, so the downlink has the
transmit diversity. That is, by increasing an irrelevant transmit energy, the link
gain is improved so as to confront C/I fluctuation caused by multi-link and to
improve the quality of downlink coverage.
OTSR networking realized by SDR multi carrier unite combine can avoid 3dB
loss caused by use of power divider, so the output power of the set-top unit is
guaranteed.
For OTSR networking, in the same logical cell, the same carrier of different
RU/RRU must be configured on the same UBPG.
Limited by the relationship between RU/RRU carrier configuration and power
distribute, more attention is paid to the balance between coverage and
capacity.

III. Influence of ZXSDR equipment over network

planning and optimization
1.

Influence of SDR over network p & o (1)

2.

Influence of SDR over network p & o (2)

3.

What is the difference between ZXSDR and the link budget of traditional base station?

4.

What is the output power of the set-top unit of RU/RRU with different configuration?

5.

What should be considered over the calculation of feeder loss made by a distributed
base station?

6.

What is the influence of OTSR networking over link budget?

7.

What should be considered as to ZXSDR capacity planning?

8.

Is the channel planning of ZXSDR is the same as a traditional base station?

9.

How does multi-carrier RU/RRU bandwidth constraint influence frequency planning?

10.

What is the influence of BBU constraint over MA configuration when baseband

frequency-hopping happens?

11.

Examples for the constraint of ZXSDR equipment over frequency planning

1. What is the influence of SDR over network p &

o (1)
ItItprovides
providesthe
thebest
bestsmooth
smoothevolution
evolution
plan
plantowards
towardsTCO
TCOradio
radionetwork.
network.

ItItimproves
improvesthe
thenetwork
networkpp&&oo
technology
technologyfor
forthe
the2/3G
2/3Gconvergence
convergence

Remote
Remoteradio
radiohead
headcomposes
composesaa
distributed
distributedbase
basestation.
station.

ItItprovides
providesbetter
betternetwork
networkoo&&pp
solutions
solutionsfor
forspecial
specialscenes,
scenes,e.g.,
e.g.,highhighspeed
railway,
indoor
coverage
and
speed railway, indoor coverage and
dense
denseurban
urbanspaces
spaceswith
withcomplicated
complicated
transmission
environment.
transmission environment.

ZXSDR
ZXSDRequipment
equipmentsupports
supportsbaseband
baseband
frequency-hopping.
frequency-hopping.

ItItenriches
enrichesfrequency
frequencyplanning.
planning.

2. What is the influence of SDR over network p &

o (2)
Work
Workbandwidth
bandwidthconstraint
constraintofofmultimulti-

makes
makesfrequency
frequencyplanning
planningmore
more
difficult.
difficult.

The
Theclose
closerelationship
relationshipbetween
betweenthe
the
power
of
set-top
unit
of
multi-carrier
power of set-top unit of multi-carrier

makes
makesthe
thefollowing
followingplanning
planningand
and
optimization
optimizationofofnetwork
networkcapacity
capacity
expansion
more
complicated.
expansion more complicated.

carrier
carrierRU/RRU
RU/RRU

RU/RRU
RU/RRUand
andits
itscapacity
capacity

Configuration
Configurationofof22set
setofofdata
datafor
forOMCR
OMCR
and
OMCB
and OMCB

makes
makesthe
theimplementation
implementationand
and
maintenance
of
the
project
more
maintenance of the project more
difficult.
difficult.

3.

What is the difference between ZXSDR and the link

budget of traditional base station?
Dual-carrier is the same as a traditional
base station
Calculation
Calculationof
ofthe
the
power
powerof
ofset-top
set-topunit
unit

Considerations
Considerationsfor
for
feeder
feederloss
loss

The power of set-top unit of multi-carrier

RU/RRU is equally shared.
No difference exists between the feed line
connection of SDR macro BTS and that of a
traditional base station.
Calculation of feeder loss for a distributed
base station is different.

When SDR multicarrier radio frequency

processing unit is
adopted, it does not
need to configure
feeder arrester!

OTSR
OTSRnetworking
networkingbrings
bringsuplink/downlink
uplink/downlinkgain.
gain.

4.

What is the output power of the set-top unit of RU/RRU with

different configuration?

Carrier
number

RU02 /RU02A

GSM

GSM
single
mode
configur
ation

2
G/U
dualmode
configur
ation

GSM
Carrier
number

RU60
/R8860(60W)

RSU60/R8860(80
W)

The maximum
power per carrier
GMSK (W)

The maximum
power per carrier
GMSK (W)

The maximum
power per carrier
GMSK (W)

40

60

80

40

30

40

20

20

25

20

15

20

12

15

10

12

UMTS
Carrier
number

RU60/R8860(60W)

RSU60/R8860(80W)

The
maximum
power per
carrier of
GSM (W)

The
maximum
power per
carrier of
GSM (W)

The
maximum
power per
carrier of
UMTS (W)

Now multi-carrier RU/RRU follows the

principle of equipartition of carrier
power At present, for R8.2 version, the
maximum output power of each carrier
must be configured at the same level!

If dual-carrier RU02/RU02A is S3~S4, the

loss for internal combiner is 3dB.

The output power of set-top unit of GSM

with 8PSK modulation is about 2dB lower
than that of GSM with GMSK modulation.

The
maximum
power per
carrier of
UMTS (W)

40

20

60

20

20

20

30

20

12

20

20

20

10

20

15

20

The output power of set-top unit of UMTS

per carrier should be 20W at least. It can
also be configured as 30W or 40W. At
present, R8.2 version only supports the
dual mode XG+1U configuration.

5.

Considerations for the feeder loss made by a

distributed base station
Installation near
an antenna

RRU and BBU is connected

by fiber

1.

2m loss for softer jumper

RRU and antenna is

2.

2 connector loss

connected by 1/2 jumper.

1.

RRU is installed on the

2.

platform of a tower a
The installation
position keeps a
distance from
both BBU and
the antenna.

platform under the antenna

3.

22m softer jumper loss

Main feed line loss between RRU and
the antenna
6 connectors loss

or installed at the roof and

it is lower than the antenna
RRU and BBU is connected

The table here is only for reference, in practice please

calculate according to specific conditions!
Height
of
anten
na
(m)

Height
of
RRU
on
platfor
m (m)

Lengt
h of
7/8
main
feed
line
(m)

line (7/8 or 5/4 or 13/8

50

feed line), the length of main

50

feed line is the distance

between RRU and the

by fiber
RRU and the antenna is
connected in a normal way by
2 1/2 jumper + main feed

antenna.

Lengt
h of
jumpe
r (m)

Conne
ctor
+
light
ning
arres
ter

900M(
dB)

1800
M(dB)

50

6+1

2.89

4.04

10

40

6+1

2.5

3.46

50

20

30

6+1

2.11

2.89

50

30

20

6+1

1.73

2.31

50

50

0.32

0.43

6.

What is the influence of OTSR networking over link

budget?
Uplink:
Uplink:
Several
Several antenna diversity receivers in one logical cell is
combined
combined according
according to
to MRC,
MRC, so
so it
it is
is believed
believed that
that there is
is
2dB
2dB gain
gain of
of 44 diversity
diversity receivers.
receivers.

Downlink
Downlink

Several
Several antennae transmit the same signal. So by increasing
some
some irrelevant
irrelevant transmit energy, the link gain is improved to
confront
confront C/I
C/I fluctuation
fluctuation caused
caused by
by multi-link
multi-link and to get
get the
the
downlink
downlink transmit
transmit diversity gain, at the value of 2 dB.

7.

What should be considered as to ZXSDR capacity

planning?
The
Themaximum
maximum
constraint
constraintof
ofcarrier
carrier
supported
by
RU/RRU
supported by RU/RRU
and
andBBU
BBU

IfIfthe
thenumber
numberofofcarrier
carrierneeded
neededby
bythe
thecell
cellisismore
morethan
thanwhat
whata asingle
single
RU/RRU
supports,
the
increase
of
RU/RRU
should
be
considered.
RU/RRU supports, the increase of RU/RRU should be considered.But
Butthe
the
quantity
quantityshould
shouldnot
notoverpass
overpassthe
themaximum
maximumconfiguration
configurationfor
fora asingle
singlestation.
station.

Dual-carrier
module RU02/RU02A is suitable for configuration lower than
Dual-carrier module RU02/RU02A is suitable for configuration lower than
S4.Configuration
S4.Configurationfor
forS3
S344should
shouldbebechecked
checkedby
bya acombiner
combinertotosee
seeififthe
the
power
of
set-top
unit
satisfies
coverage
requirement.
power of set-top unit satisfies coverage requirement.
The power of set-top unit of multi-carrier module RU60/RSU60/R8860 is
The power of set-top unit of multi-carrier module RU60/RSU60/R8860 is
shared by each carrier. If the carrier frequency for a single RU/RRU is too
shared by each carrier. If the carrier frequency for a single RU/RRU is too
much,
much,the
thepower
powerofofset-top
set-topunit
unitfor
foreach
eachcarrier
carrierfrequency
frequencywill
willbebetoo
too
small.
small.InInthis
thiscase,
case,the
thepower
powerofofset-top
set-topunit
unitshould
shouldbebechecked
checkedtotosee
seeififitit
satisfies
coverage
requirement.
If
not

one
more
RU/RRU
should
satisfies coverage requirement. If not one more RU/RRU shouldbebe
added
addedtotoensure
ensurethat
thatthe
thecarrier
carrierfrequency
frequencyfor
foreach
eachRU/RRU
RU/RRUisisproper.
proper.This
This
isisespecially
important
when
the
network
is
to
be
moved

especially important when the network is to be moved

Mutual
Mutualconstraints
constraints
between
betweencoverage
coverage
and
capacity
and capacity

OTSR
OTSRnetworking
networking

When
Whenthe
thelogical
logicalcarrier
carrierfrequency
frequencyfor
foreach
eachcell
cellisisdecided,
decided,the
thephysical
physical
carrier
frequency
should
be
calculated
according
to
the
quantity
of
carrier frequency should be calculated according to the quantity of
RU/RRU
RU/RRUand
andantenna.
antenna.The
Thequantity
quantityofofUBPG
UBPGboard
boardshould
shouldbebecalculated
calculated
according
accordingtotophysical
physicalcarrier
carrierfrequency
frequencybut
butnot
notlogical
logicalcarrier
carrierfrequency.
frequency.

8.

Is the channel planning of ZXSDR is the same as a

traditional base station?
For
Forthe
thehardware
hardwarepart,
part,ZXSDR
ZXSDRhas
hasno
nolimitation
limitationfor
for
channel
channelplanning
planningand
andconfiguration,
configuration,and
andthe
thechannel
channel
planning
planningis
isthe
thesame
sameas
asaatraditional
traditionalbase
base
station
station
and
andititsupports
supportsall
alltypes
typesof
ofchannel
channel

SDCCH

SDCCH
TCH
TCH
PDCH

PDCH
HR/FR
HR/FR
Dynamic/

Dynamic/static
staticchannel
channelallocation
allocation
Dynamic channel translating
Dynamic channel translating

9.

How does multi-carrier RU/RRU bandwidth constraint

influence frequency planning?
There
Thereare
areconstraints
constraintsfor
forthe
theoperation
operationbandwidth
bandwidthofofmulti-carrier
multi-carrierradio
radiofrequency
frequencyprocessing
processingunit
unit
(RU60/RSU60/R8860).
No
matter
it
is
baseband
frequency-hopping,
radio
frequency-hopping,
or
(RU60/RSU60/R8860). No matter it is baseband frequency-hopping, radio frequency-hopping, orno
no
frequency-hopping,
frequency-hopping,the
themulti-carrier
multi-carrierradio
radiofrequency
frequencyprocessing
processingunit
unitmust
mustbe
beconfigured
configuredwith
withaa
center
centerfrequency.
frequency.All
Allthe
thefrequencies
frequenciesofofall
allcarrier
carrierfrequencies
frequenciesininthis
this radio
radiounit
unitmust
mustnot
notbe
belarger
larger

than
than1/2
1/2operation
operationbandwidth
bandwidthabove
aboveor
orbelow
belowthe
thecenter
centerfrequency.
frequency.Here
Hereare
arethe
thedetailed
detailedoperation
operation
bandwidth
specifications:
bandwidth specifications:
Multi-carrier radio frequency processing
unit type

GSM
single
mode

GU dual
mode

Notes

RU60/
R8860 GU906/GU186

10M

20M

RSU60/
R8860 GU908/GU188/GU858/GU198

15M

20M

1. For GU dual mode, the total bandwidth of 17M is not achieved by

R & D engineers, that is GSM12M UMTS 5M.
2. The single G mode of 60W module is 10M. The
configuration of frequencies must not be larger than 5M above
or below the center frequency.
3. The single G mode of of 80W module is 15M. The
configuration of frequencies must not be larger than 7.5M
above or below the center frequency.

10

11

10~20MHz

0~10MHz
RRU1

RRU2

RRU3

UBPG

10. What is the influence of BBU constraint over MA configuration

when baseband frequency-hopping happens?
It only influences MA configuration
for baseband frequency-hopping,
and doesnt influence radio
frequency-hopping!

For Cell1 with 16TRX, which uses baseband frequency-hopping,

the MAList configuration is as follows
Cell 1/MA1 = 12 carriers; Cell 1/MA2 = 4 carriers;
MA1=16 carriers is not allowed

Constraint of baseband
frequency-hopping
Baseband frequency-hopping is
limited by the processing capacity of
DSP on UBPG, the number of
frequency point for 1 MAList should
be no more than 12 See the
example of Cell1 on the right.

Baseband frequency-hopping within

1 cell but more than 1 UBPG, 2
MAList should be configured.
See the example of Cell2 on the
right. Here its frequency points are
configured on both UBPG1 and
UBPG2, so each needs a MAlist
(MA2 and MA3).

Cell 1/MA1

UBPG1

Cell1 / MA2

UBPG2

Cell1/Cell2/Cell3, with 8 carrier frequency for each, which uses

baseband frequency-hopping, the MAList confituration is as
follows
Cell 1/MA1 = 8 carriers; Cell 2/MA2 = 4 carriers;
Cell 2/MA3 = 4 carriers; Cell 3/MA4 = 8 carriers;
For Cell2, the configuration of MA=8 carriers is not allowed

Cell 1/MA1

Cell2 / MA3

Cell2 / MA2

Cell 3/MA4

UBPG1

UBPG2

11. Examples for the constraint of ZXSDR

equipment over frequency planning
E.g.,
E.g.,the
theconfiguration
configurationofoffrequency
frequencypoint
pointfor
forboth
bothRRU1
RRU1and
and
RRU2
RRU2isis10MHz.
10MHz.
NO.

Scenarios
RRU1=0~10MHz RRU2=10~20MHz

Yes/No

Baseband frequency-hopping between RRU1 and

RRU2 of the same cell and the same UBPG

Yes

Baseband frequency-hopping between RRU1 and

RRU2 of the same cell, but different UBPG

No

Radio frequency-hopping between RRU1 and RRU2

of the same cell

No

Separate radio frequency-hopping on RRU1 and RRU2

of the same cell

Yes

Within one cell, some frequency points for baseband

frequency-hopping, and some for radio frequencyhopping

Yes

On the same RRU, baseband frequency-hopping and

radio frequency-hopping by the same carrier frequency

No

IV. Scenarios for the application of ZXSDR

equipment
1.

What are the scenarios for the application of ZXSDR equipment?

2.

What is the application of OTSR for high-speed railway like?

3.

What should be considered as to the application for high-speed railway network

planning?

4.

What should be considered for handover/reselection parameters planning for highspeed railway application?

5.

What is the solution for OTSR application in cities of great intensity (like Hong Kong)?

6.

What is the application for indoor coverage of a distributed base station like?

7.

What is the application for ultra long range coverage of a distributed base station like?

1.

What are the scenarios for the application of ZXSDR

equipment?
ZXSDR
ZXSDRis
isaaseries
seriesof
ofbase
basestation
stationequipment,
equipment,and
andsatisfies
satisfiesdifferent
different
kinds
kindsof
ofapplication
applicationscenarios!
scenarios!
Macro BTS is suitable for the following scenarios,
e.g., cities of high intensity, urban areas, suburban
areas, rural areas, and roads. This application is
similar with traditional macro BTS.
Suitable for OTSR
networking to reduce
handover/reselection
between cells

R8860

R8860

B8200

The networking for a distributed base

station is more flexible, and is quite
suitable for these scenarios:
High speed motion scenarios e.g., highspeed railway or highways
Cities of high intensity which need threedimensional coverage e.g., Hong
Kong
indoor coverage e.g., shopping malls,
hotels, etc.;
outdoor coverage e.g., deserts, sea
coverage.

2.

What is the application of OTSR for highspeed railway like?

Several
SeveralRRU
RRUare
areconfigured
configuredin
inone
onelogical
logicalcell,
cell,
connected
through
OTSR
networking
connected through OTSR networking
Synchronized and undistorted remotion realized by
Synchronized and undistorted remotion realized by
BBU
BBUand
andRRU
RRU

The
deploy is flexible, the construction of network is
The deploy is flexible, the construction of network is
fast, and equipment rooms and other kinds of relevant
fast, and equipment rooms and other kinds of relevant
resources can be saved;
resources can be saved;
RRU supports cascade hierarchical remote and is
RRU supports cascade hierarchical remote and is
suitable for continuous coverage for belt like areas;
suitable for continuous coverage for belt like areas;
The configuration of several RRU in one cell is
The configuration of several RRU in one cell is
supported, longer cell coverage is realized, and
supported, longer cell coverage is realized, and
handover between cells is reduced;
handover between cells is reduced;
Because of the synchronized and undistorted remotion
Because of the synchronized and undistorted remotion
and frequency offset compensation between BBU and
and frequency offset compensation between BBU and
RRU, the quality of coverage is guaranteed.
RRU, the quality of coverage is guaranteed.

3.

What should be considered as to the application for

high-speed railway network planning?
Network
planning

What should be considered for high-speed railway network planning?

Compared to the public network, the design of signal level should pay more attention to the fading margin during the time of
handover;
Overlapping areas of neighbor cells should be considered, especially reselection/handover between cells;
The location of RRU should not be too far from the railway, no more than 50m is suitable;
Choice of types of antenna High-speed railway special network forms a ribbon coverage, narrow beam lobe, horizontal beamwidth
is about 35 degree, is suitable; the antenna gain should be 18 21dBi; the antenna should not be too high, and it should be lower
than that of a public network, and the suggested height is 5 10m;
4 TRX diversity gain for uplink; transmission diversity gain for downlink

Coverage
planning

Capacity
planning

The carrier frequency for each cell is calculated according to the number of passengers, and the classic traffic model for high-speed
railway. The configuration of carrier frequency for each RRU is the same in one cell;
If possible, areas along the railway should use the same LAC to avoid frequent location update;
On LAC border, SDCCH should be added properly to reduce signaling jam caused by location update.

The special network uses 900M frequency point to reduce the influence of Doppler shift;
It is suggested that some frequency point should be reserved for high-speed railway special network;
If the frequency point is shared by a special network and a public network, it is suggested that the special network BBCH must use
TCH frequency point of the public network for planning, when frequency planning is made for high-speed railway special network. So it
can be avoided that a subscriber is wrongly connected to a special network cell, when he powers on the phone near the special
network cell;
The location of NCC of a special network should also be different from that of a public network so as to guarantee the independence
of the special network when it is planned.

Frequency
planning

The special network for high-speed railway and the public network are relatively independent. The configuration of neighbor cells are
only for areas between the station and the public network. Here are the specific suggestions:
Cells near the station and the waiting room are configured as neighbor cells to be used as a area for transition and isolation
between the public network and the special network; So it can be guaranteed that the cell phones of passengers can be
connected to the public network when their travel is finished;
When the train is moving, there is no configuration of neighbor cells between the special network and the public network,
and the configuration of neighbor cells is only between special networks; When the train is moving, it should be guaranteed
that the cell phone is within the special network; the cells, which are configured as neighbor cells for a specific cell, are two
cells right before and after that specific cell, so the number of neighbor cells can be reduced.

Neighbor
cells
planning

4.1 Principles of handover/reselection parameters

planning for high-speed railway station special
network cell
Important parameters

Suggestions

RxLevAccessMin

A platform cell should be 2dB lower than a public network.

CRO (choosing and reselection offset)

A platform cell should be 10 dB higher than a public network.

TO (temporary offset)

PT (penalty time)

CRH

Handover algorithm

Set on uplink/downlink handover based on quality,

uplink/downlink handover based on signal level, PBGT
handover, rapid signal level drop handover (the relevant cells
should be a chain network).

PBGT threshold

It is suggested that PBGT threshold of handover from the

public network to the special network cell should be reduced.
It is suggested that PBGT threshold of handover from the
special network to the public network should be increased.

SDCCH handover

Set on (the platform special network cell)

Handover preprocessing

0 the platform special network cell

4.2 principles of handover/reselection parameters planning

for high-speed railway chain special network cell
Important parameters

Suggestions

C2 parameter should be set on

or not

No

Handover algorithm

Set on uplink/downlink handover based on quality, uplink/downlink

handover based on signal level, PBGT handover, rapid signal level
drop handover (the special network cell should be a chain network)

PBGT threshold

It is suggested that the PBGT threshold of handover between special

network cells should be 27 (3dB)

SDCCH handover

Set on

Average window size

Level/quality handover N/P

2/1

PBGT handover N/P

2/1

Rapid signal level drop

handover N value

The shortest handover interval

HoFailPenaltyTime between
cells

Handover preprocessing

5. BBU+RRU OTSR networking in

OTSR-3
OTSR-3has
has33antennae
antennaefor
for33directions,
directions,each
eachof
ofwhich
whichcovers
coversdifferent
differenttarget
targetcoverage
coverageareas.
areas.
Hong
Kong
Usually,
on
each
direction,
the
target
coverage
area
is
limited,
but
the
target
is
specific,
for
Usually, on each direction, the target coverage area is limited, but the target is specific, for
example,
example,aastreet,
street,aabuilding,
building,aashopping
shoppingcenter,
center,etc,.
etc,.
All
Allthe
theRRU
RRUon
onthese
thesedirections
directionsbelong
belongto
toone
onelogical
logicalcell,
cell,so
sono
nohandover/reselection
handover/reselectionisis
needed
neededfor
forthem;
them;
As
Asto
toneighbor
neighborcell
cellplanning,
planning,overlapping
overlappingcoverage
coverageon
onall
allthese
thesedirections
directionsshould
shouldbe
be
considered.
considered.

This antenna
covers the
residents building
right in front of it.

This antenna covers the

streets below and the
residents buildings
nearby.

This antenna covers

another residents
building.

They belong
to one logical
cell.

6. BBU+RRU indoor coverage

application
Indoor
Indoorthree-dimensional
three-dimensional
coverage
coveragecovers
coversall
allfloors
floors
and
basements;
and basements;
The
Thestructure
structureofofBBU+RRU
BBU+RRU
isiseasy
to
install,
and
easy to install, andits
its
networking
is
flexible.
networking is flexible.Also,
Also,
ititsaves
feeder
loss.
saves feeder loss.

Feeder

Fiber

7. BBU+RRU outdoor coverage

application
1.
1.
2.
2.

3.
3.

4.
4.

High gain
antenna

Installation of RRU near

the antenna on a tower

5.
5.

R8860
6.
6.

BBU can be installed

independently, or in a
macro station prepared.

High
High gain
gain antenna
antenna
18
18
22dBi
22dBi
is
is used
used

R8860
R8860 is
is installed
installed near
near the
the antenna
antenna on
on the
the tower
tower so
so as
as to
to save
save
feeder
loss,
and
to
increase
the
effective
radiated
power
(EiRP)
of
feeder loss, and
an
an antenna;
antenna;
One
One carrier
carrier for
for aa single
single RRU
RRU with
with 60W
60W output
output power
power of
of aa set-top
set-top
unit
unit

If
If the
the maximum
maximum coverage
coverage is
is over
over 35km,
35km, dual
dual timeslot
timeslot should
should be
be
set
set on.
on. Then,
Then, the
the capacity
capacity of
of each
each carrier
carrier is
is half
half reduced.
reduced. If
If
remote
coverage
of
8
timeslot
is
required,
2
RRU
will
be
needed.
remote coverage of 8 timeslot required, 2 RRU will be needed.
The
The configuration
configuration is
is 11 carrier
carrier for
for 11 RRU,
RRU, and
and 11 antenna
antenna for
for one
one
cell;
cell;
If
If the
the number
number of
of RRU
RRU for
for aa cell
cell is
is more
more than
than 2,
2, it
it is
is suggested
suggested that
that
an
an extra
extra antenna
antenna should
should be
be configured
configured without
without change
change of
of the
the
output
output power
power of
of the
the set-top
set-top unit;
unit;
For
For installation,
installation, the
the weight
weight capacity
capacity of
of the
the tower
tower and
and the
installation
installation space
space for
for RRU
RRU should
should be
be considered.
considered.