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CONTAINERIZATION AND

PALLETIZATION IN RAIL
TRANSPORT

CONTAINERIZATION
Containers are the generic carriers of goods which can be
loaded onto any vehicle or type or transport which provide the
standard option when transporting goods or material over
longer distances

CONTAINERIZATION
Containers have been standardized in terms of capacity,
material and size for ease of use and handling.
This standardization of containers expedite customs officials
inspect and clear goods for

CONTAINERIZATION
There are ISO standards as to the size and weight of
containers, and this standard is defined in accordance with the
type of transportation being used to ship the containers

CONTAINERIZATION
There are five types of standard containers.
-These are measures in TEU (twenty foot equivalents- that is,
the equivalent capacity of a standard 20 foot or 20 foot highcube / half height container).
-For example, the maximum gross mass for a 20 foot cargo
container is 30,480 kg, and 34,000 kg for a 40 foot container.

CONTAINERIZATION
The five standard container types are;
-20 foot
-40 foot
-45 foot
-48 foot
-53 foot
and include the variants such as high-cube and half height
container types

CONTAINERIZATION
40 foot high-cube container

CONTAINERIZATION
20 foot half height container

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION
KTM Berhad has made large investments in the acquisition of
wagons and at present they can carry a total of 3,500 TEUs of
cargo at a time.
KTM Berhad carries only ISO standard containers.

CONTAINERIZATION
KTM Berhad has made large investments in the acquisition of
wagons and at present they can carry a total of 3,500 TEUs of
cargo at a time.
-KTM Berhad carries only ISO standard containers.
-High cube 40-feet containers are currently carried between
Singapore/Pasir Gudang Ipoh and Prai Padang Besar only.

CONTAINERIZATION
The container train service plies the route between the nations
four rail-connected ports (Butterworth, Port Klang, Pasir
Gudang and Tanjung Pelepas) and Inland Stations / Inland
Clearance Depots.
-Daily services are also available from both Butterworth and
Port Klang to Malaysia's first Inland/ Dry Port in Ipoh.

CONTAINERIZATION
As for intermodalism, KTM Berhad also operates Container
Depots through its wholly-owned subsidiary. Multimodal Freight
is Sdn.Bhd. Its also licensed to haul containers by road.
-KTM Berhad had provided an efficient intermodal door-to-door
service for its rail-hauled containers.

CONTAINERIZATION
KTM manages its own Container Depots at Padang
Besar, Butterworth, Port Klang and Pasir Gudang.
KTM Berhad has also established connections with other
container terminals by having rail links to their depots. The
terminals include:
1) Prai ( Kontena Nasional and Konsortium Perkapalan
Inland Container Depot)
2) Ipoh ( Ipoh Container Terminal / Dry Port )
3) Segamat ( Segamat Inland Port )
4) Pasir Gudang Container Yard
5) Singapore (to PSA through an independent Road
Haulier)
6) Padang Besar Container Yard

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION
KTM Berhads Landbridge Services kicked off on June 13, 1999
when a trainload of containers made its way from Sri Setia,
Selangor to Bangsue, Thailand.
-The event marked a new era in the rail transport industry in the
Asean region.
-The service was seen as not only a smart partnership between
KTM Berhad and road transport operators, as well as vessel
operators and freight forwarders, but also as a way to enhance
bilateral transport ties between KTM Berhad and State Railway
of Thailand (SRT).

CONTAINERIZATION
The International Landbridge Freight Services is testimony of
KTM Berhads commitment towards the setting up of the TransAsia Rail Link, the proposed connection that has the
potential to strengthen and enhance trade between Asean and
China.
-KTM Berhad is currently operating 28 services weekly between
Port Klang - Bangkok - Port Klang, Singapore - Bangkok Singapore, Singapore - Surat Thani - Singapore and Port Klang
- Hatyai - Port Klang.

CONTAINERIZATION
Moving capacity through the service, a total of 54 TEUs of 20feet equivalent units of cargo can be moved per trip, with an
average of 1,500 TEUs weekly.
-Cargoes normally transported using this service include steel,
chemical, gypsum boards, machinery, electronic products and
consumer goods.

CONTAINERIZATION
The Advantages of Landbridge Services
-Shorter travelling time e.g. 60 hours travel time via rail is
equivalent to five to seven days by sea and three to four days
by road
-No transfer required at border, thus preventing pilferage and
double handling
-Cost effective transportation method - i.e. freight rates are
cheaper by 15% to 30% for shippers from Penang, Ipoh and
Port Klang
-Security guaranteed container uses only one seal for the
whole journey as seal inspection is done jointly by Malaysian
and Thai Customs

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION
-Horizontal marking which additionally includes country, size
and type codes (in accordance with the 1985 version of DIN
ISO 6346)
-Appropriate abbreviations are used for the various countries,
here US for United States of America, GB for Great Britain etc.

CONTAINERIZATION
-The first digit of the size code indicates the length of the
container, with the number 4 standing for a 40' container.
-The second digit indicates height and whether or not a
gooseneck tunnel is present. In our example, the number 3
stands for a height of 8 foot 6 inches (8'6") with gooseneck
tunnel.

CONTAINERIZATION
-The first digit of the type code indicates container type. Here 1
means that the container is a closed container with ventilation
openings.
-The second digit of the type code relates to special features.
The 0 used here means opening at the end.

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION
The world's containers are primarily owned by two types of
companies:
-ocean container carriers
-container leasing companies.
The leasing companies manufacture the steel box or purchase
it from container manufacturers, and then lease it to shipping
and transport companies.

CONTAINERIZATION
The shipping and transport companies own and operate
approximately 33% of 20ft and 66% of 40 ft containers.
Figure: World Container Fleet by Main Owner (thousands of TEUs)

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION
The top five container leasing companies in terms of fleet
holding are:
-Transamerica Leasing
-GESeaCo
-Textainer
-Group Triton Container International
-Interpool Group

PALLETIZATION
Palletization
Method of storing and
shipped as a unit load.

transporting goods on a pallet and

It permits standardize ways of handling load with the use of


standard mechanical equipment such as the fork lift.

PALLETIZATION

PALLETIZATION

PALLETIZATION USAGE

FORKS LIFT

FORK LIFT WORKING

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