Topic 10

Maritime ICT

(Maritime
Communication &
Information
Technology)

INTRODUCTION:
Why we need ICT in sea
transport?
Recent sea transportation is a complex
business. It needs the use of latest and
modern technology to make its operations
efficiently.
Maritime technology needs the use of
communication and information technology
(CIT).
CIT or IT enables all maritime business to
come together to produce dedicated
services & procedures.

COMPUTERIZATION
Computers become standard
equipment in maritime
industry.
Factors driving the
development:
Shippers require more valueadded services.
Containerization require
more dedicated IT to support
the development of the
service.
Ports are becoming more
sophisticated.

COMPUTERIZATION
International consignment
movement is becoming more
computerized.
Widespread usage of electronic
documentation.
Market research data is essential.
On-line computer access to data
banks is important.
Cost of setting up computerized
operation is getting lower.
Dedicated software for maritime
services.

E.g. Cargo Tracking System

Some Sea Cargo Tracking

Systems:

ACL Atlantic Container Line

APL American President Line
Emirates Shipping Line
Evergreen Lines
COSCO CONTAINER LINES
COSCO USA
COSCO Canada
CMA-CGM
Maersk Line
NYK Nippon Yusen Kaisha Lines

How to track a cargo or

container?

Normally we need to
key-in BOL, container
number, vessel
number, and so forth.
For container:
container number
basically consists of 11
characters in which the
first 4 are alphabetic
and the rest are
numeric.
It is printed on the
containers door (look
at the picture)
Then go to appropriate
cargo tracking system.

How to track a
container?
I will show you!

For example, today

we want to track the
position of this
container (as in pic).
Identify the container
no. (You can see it in
your BOL or bill).
This container is
belonged to APL.
Open APL Tracking
website.
Insert the container no.
APHU 7027015

Example: APL system

The result (Now, today): APL

system

The result (Last Semester):

APL system

The result (Last year in May

2012)

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME
SATELLITE ORGANIZATION
(INMARSAT)
Based in London. Established in 1979. Its goal to
enable merchant ships to stay in touch across
the oceans and to call for help in an emergency.
Worlds first mobile satellite communications
operator. In other words, provides
communication worldwide.
Today Inmarsat owns and operates three global
constellations of 11 satellites flying in
geosynchronous orbit 37,786 km (22,240 statute
miles) above the Earth.
Provide links for phone, fax & data
communications to more than 210,000 ships.
It has more than 80 partner countries

Types of INMARSAT
Inmarsat A

- provides two-way direct-dial phone

connection as well as fax, telex and
data services at rates between
9.6kbps up to 64kbps.

Inmarsat B

- supports global voice, telex, fax

and data at speeds from 9.6kbps to
64kbps, as well as GMDSS (the
Global Maritime Distress and
Safety System) - compliant distress
and safety functions.

Types of
INMARSAT
Inmarsat C
- is one of the most flexible mobile
satellite message communication
systems in the World, it has the
ability to handle commercial,
operational and personal messages
just as easily as distress and safety
communications.
- offers two-way, store-and-forward
packet data communication via a
lightweight, low-cost terminal.

Types of INMARSAT
- the only system in the world that, on its own,

allows ships to meet the majority of the

communications requirements of the GMDSS.

Inmarsat D

Inmarsat D+ is a two-way data

communication services that uses very small
equipment. It is fitted with GPS-assisted
satellite roaming and meets the requirements
for Ship Security Alert Systems (SSAS).

Types of INMARSAT
Inmarsat E
- A global maritime distress
alerting service using small
emergency position
indicating beacons that
automatically send message
to maritime Rescue
Coordination Centers.

Types of INMARSAT
Inmarsat Fleet
- actually a family of networks that includes the
Inmarsat-Fleet77, Inmarsat-Fleet55 and InmarsatFleet33 members.
- Incorporating voice and data recognition
- most advanced maritime service, helps meet the
requirements of the International Ship and Port
Facility Security (ISPS) code.
- fleet77: equip to meet the latest GMDSS

INMARSAT Coverage

e.g: product

Inmarsat A

Inmarsat C

Inmarsat Fleet F77

Inmarsat B

Inmarsat D

INMARSAT services
Position and data reporting (Inmarsat C)
Distress alerting (Inmarsat E)
Vessel management (Inmarsat A, B)
Video/image transmission (Inmarsat A,B)
Maritime safety information (Inmarsat C)
Electronic data interchange (Inmarsat A,B)
Others Email (Inmarsat A,B,C)
- Pay-phones.

INMARSAT services
Wide range of services includes:
1.Position & Data Reporting
Reporting ship position automatically.
Take position coordinates from vessels
navigation equipment & transmit
periodically via satellite to head office.
Also supports the transmission of data
such as ship course, speed
at certain interval.
INMARSAT C

INMARSAT services
2. Distress Alerting
Global Maritime Distress and Safety
System (GMDSS) - international satellite
technology and ship-board radio
systems.
Ensure rapid, automated alerting of
shore-based communication and rescue
authorities
Provides faster & accurate global
distress alerting service.
Alert delivered via INMARSAT-E to
maritime rescue coordination center
(MRCC) within 2 minutes.

INMARSAT services
3. Vessel management
Fleet operators can monitor
inventory, track spare parts & place
orders.
Access weather routing services to
shippers.
Managing staff records, support
cargo planning & monitor ship
maintenance.
INMARSAT-A and B.

INMARSAT services
4. Video/image Transmission
Transmit video or still image.
TV & news can be transmitted to
ships.
Also allows video conference.
Shoreside engineers could assists in
ship repair.
INMARSAT-A and B.

INMARSAT services
5. Maritime Safety Information
Known as International SafetyNET
service.
Provide weather analysis, warnings &
predictions for certain geographical
area.
Sent to ships which subscribe.
INMARSAT-C

INMARSAT services
6. Electronic Data Interchange
Used to submit documentation in
advance (Custom, BOL, CP etc.).
More efficiency & shorter laytime.
INMARSAT-A & B.
7. Others:
E-Mail = INMARSAT-A,B and C.
Pay-phones

EDI
What is EDI? EDI stands for ELECTRONIC
DATA INTERCHANGE.
The development of EDI standards was
closely monitored by the industry and a
message development group.
set up early in the life of the EDI
Association to consider new Electronic
Data Interchange for Administration,
Commerce and Transportation or trade
(EDIFACT) standards for the shipping
industry.

ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE
Electronic Data Interchange: The transfer of
structured data, by agreed standards from
applications on the computer of one party to the
applications on the computer of another party by
electronic means (fully computerized).

Electronic Data Processing:

Computerized handling of information (e.g.
business data).
For shipping: Fast documentation & reporting of
cargo status.
Reduce cost by eliminating errors and simplify the
transfer of information process.

ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE
For shipping company, there is a need to
connect their system with one another.
Speed up transaction & eliminate replication
of data. Communication with:
Third parties (custom, port authorities)
Internal & group companies
Business partner ( agents, customer)
Between these three paperless booking,
invoicing, as well as insurance & banking
transactions.

EDI IN PORT (Example)

Data about each cargo inside of container
can be stored easily using bar-code reader.
Movement of cargo through the terminal
automatically controlled by system.
Automatic categorization of container based
on voyage, port, size etc.
Develop the stowage plan @ stacking model.
Paperwork necessary can be produced by the
system.

EDI IN PORT (Example)

Computer calculate stability of ships.
After departure, produce list of containers.
Charges associated including demurrage
calculated by computer.

Benefits of EDI
Faster discharging and loading
containers.
Increased productivity through faster
turnaround of containers and vessels.
Better monitoring of the storage of
containers (leading to increases in
stacking areas capacity).
High level accuracy of information.
High level of consistency of the
information given to various parties in
the chain of transport

Benefits of EDI

With EDI, order entry becomes fast, cost

efficient, and error free without manual reentry.
EDI improves a companys relationship
with customers and suppliers.
EDI reduces inventory and inventory
carrying cost by reducing and or
eliminating order lead times.
EDI standardizes programs and
procedures, therefore allowing data to be
controlled more easily.

Benefits of EDI
EDI helps to automate tasks and relocate people to
other tasks.
Because consumers have different expectations,
EDI helps to deliver a product or services that meet
consumer expectation with regard to price and time
frame, therefore increasing sales.
EDIs speed of transmission helps a company to
gain a competitive edge.
EDI reduces the paper flow between organizations,
which can reduce cost and increase speed and ease
of use.
Gains in productivity from EDI help companies
reduce existing labor.

Benefits of EDI
(Paperless)

Internet EDI (IEDI)

Internet Electronic Data Interchange (INT-EDI)
arise due to the problems that small business
facing of.
The main problem they have to face of is in
term of cost of implementation EDI.
The high cost that the users of EDI need to
concern is on the value added network (VANs).
Even though the using of VANs is highly
recommended and required by the other
partners or parties regarding to the security of
documents and data transferred, small
business still resist to implement and use it as
a tool or medium data transferred.

Internet EDI
Most of these small firms are tend to use the
internet as the main of data transferred which
means there is no VANs usage.
The using of this INT-EDI day to day become
wider because of some beneficial gained to
those small firms.
Thus, the I-EDI trading techniques aim to
improve the interchange of information
between trading partners, suppliers and
customers by bringing down the boundaries
that restrict how they interact and do business
with each other

Electronic devices in
container terminal
1. Microwave technology

Employ to track the placing and pick-up of containers by

recording relevant data on tags installed on the containers.
- include a tag that allows data read and write.

Example: In ship-to-rail- would reduce the cranes waiting

time when the spreader is in ships hull. So, human resource
can be saved and performance of port terminal is appraised.

This system is called Prime Mover tracking system (PMTS)enables the terminal supervisor to track and unloaded
containers at any time while containers are in the terminal.

PMTS enables the operator to track the containers and

feed back the location of the containers to the central
information system where data can be checked.

2. Tagging technology in transporting

cargo by rail

Bit advance than microwave technology especially for

countries that use high speed freight trains (160km/hr:
Japan and German).

This technology used antenna to create an inductive

radio frequency field to activate and receive data from
tags.

It contains a transmit-coil with associated tuning and

matching components, and a receive-coil.

 When a consignment is loaded on the train, the

computer will be able to provide relevant information on
content of containers loaded on the train- information is
pass to the yard operator/ staff.
Then, based on the information given, it will be
transferred to the crews of the train.
Automated vehicle identification (AVI) reader reads the
tags on each wagon and sends a message to the central
computer to compare the manifest with information in the
central computer.
In the mean time, the wagons are weighted to check for
load discrepancies. Both sets of data are then sent
ahead of the train to the next stop.

3. Barcode scanner

help customs decide whether physical inspection of

containers is required particularly when vessels
unload thousands of container simultaneously.

capable of providing prompt information required by

customs when vessels are at berth.

Barcode scanner is a wireless scanning technology

that communicates with the host computer.

the wireless system provides effective services to

most terminal operators and operational systems.

4. Radio frequency microcircuit system (RF)

was developed to identify the containers when traffic at terminals

reaches the peak.
this system is suited for operation in harsh and outdoor
environment.
This system consists of the reader or antenna transponders
(tags), an interrogator and computer interface tags.
This RF offers high-speed and remote electronic identification of
equipment.
one application of RF is in monitoring the movement of
containers and their status in the terminal.
the system can also track containers entering and leaving the
terminal through the gate or as they pass the scanning points in
the yard.

5. Voice recognition technology

VTR provides communication between the crane

operator and the ground personnel during loading and
unloading of a vessel.

once activated, crane operators speak into a

microphone, the machine recognizes words or
phases and then converts them into electronic
impulses for the micro-or host computer.

It a high performance units operate at an accuracy

rate of 99.5%.

Advantage: message recording-assist the terminal

operator in providing the final report on the position of
containers loaded on the ship.

THE END!
THANK YOU