Writing Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of

the Research Proposal

Presented by: Sheryl B. Satorre

What makes a GOOD research proposal?

Relevance,

either to the work of the

funding body or to the students course.
The research is unique, or offers new
insight or development.
The title, aims and objectives are all
clear and succinct.
Comprehensive and thorough
background research and literature
review has been undertaken.
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 There

is a good match between the

issues to be addressed and the
approach being adopted.
The researcher demonstrates relevant
background knowledge and/or
experience.
Timetable, resources and budget have
all been worked out thoroughly, with
most eventualities covered.
Useful policy and practice implications.
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Reasons Why Research Proposals FAIL

Aims

and objectives are unclear or vague.

There is a mismatch between the
approach being adopted and the issues to
be addressed.
The overall plan is too ambitious and
difficult to achieve in the timescale.
The researcher does not seem to have
conducted enough in-depth background
research.
Problem is of insufficient importance.
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 Information

about the data collection is

insufficiently detailed.
Information about the data analysis
method is insufficiently detailed.
Timescale is inappropriate or unrealistic.
Resources and budget have not been
carefully thought out.
This topic has been done too many
times before indicates a lack in
background research.
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PROBLEM
any

significant, perplexing and

challenging situation, real or artificial,
the solution of which requires
reflective thinking
a perplexing situation after it has
been translated into a question or
series of questions that help the
direction of subsequent inquiry

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Elements of a Research Problem

Aim or purpose of the problem for
investigation. This answers the
question Why?
Why is there an investigation,
inquiry or study?
2. The subject matter or topic to be
investigated. This answers the
question What?
What is to be investigated or
studied?
1.

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The place or locale where the research

is to be conducted. This answers the
question Where?
Where is the study to be
conducted?
4. The period or time of the study during
which the data are to be gathered. This
answers the question When?
When is the study to be carried
out?
3.

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Population or universe from whom

the data are to be collected. This
answers the question Who? From
whom?
Who are the respondents?
From whom are the data to be
gathered?

5.

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Characteristics of a Research Problem

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bound
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Specific: The problem should be specifically

stated.
Measurable: It is easy to measure by using
research instruments, apparatus, or equipment.
Achievable: Solutions to a research problem
are achievable or feasible.
Realistic: Real results are attained because they
are gathered scientifically and not manipulated
or maneuvered.
Time-bound: Time frame is required in every
activity because the shorter completion of the
activity, the better.

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Sources of Research Problem

Specialization of the researcher

Current and Past Researches
Recommendations from theses, dissertations,
and research journals
Original and creative ideas of the researcher
based on the problems met in the locality and
country

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Criteria of a Good Research Problem

Interesting
Innovative
Cost-effective
Relevant to the needs and problems of the
people
Relevant to governments thrusts
Measurable and time-bound

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Guidelines in Writing the Research Title

Research Title must be reflective of its
problem.
It must answer the following questions:

1.
2.

What question will answer the following

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What are you trying to investigate?

What are you trying to find out, determine or
discover?

Who question will answer who are the

respondents or subjects of the study.
Where question will indicate the research
locale, setting or the place where the research
study is conducted.
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Components of a Capstone Project

Proposal Manuscript
Chapter I Introduction
Chapter II Review of Related Literature
Chapter III Technical Background
Chapter IV Methodology

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Chapter I - Introduction
1.
2.
3.
4.

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Project Context
Purpose and Description of the Project
Objectives of the Project
Scope and Limitations of the Project

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Project Context
(must be at least 2 pages of presentation and
discussions of)
1.The

proponent should introduce the

presentation of the problem, that is,
what is the problem is all about. The
proponent should describe the
existing and prevailing problem
situation based on his or her
experience. This scope may be
global, national, or regional and local.

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2.

3.

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The proponent should give strong

justification for selecting such research
problem in his/her capacity as a
researcher. Being part of the
organization or systems and the desire
and concern to improve the systems.
The researcher state a sentence or two
that would show the link and
relationship of the rationale of the study
to the proposed research problem.
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Purpose and Description of the

Project
What is the function of your project?
What is good in your project?
What makes your project unique,
innovative, and relevant?

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Guidelines in Formulating the Objectives

of the Project:
1.

2.

3.

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Start with the General Objective

which is very parallel to the project
title.
Explode the general objective into
Specific Objectives that will help
realize the proposed study.
Objectives should be SMART

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Scope and Limitations of the Project

Think the project scope as a box. Highlevel scope defines the sides of the box
and separates what is relevant to your
project from what is irrelevant.
The scope refers to the work that needs to
be accomplished to deliver a product,
service, or result with the specified
features and functions.
The scope explains the nature, coverage,
and time frame of the study

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The limitation, on the other hand, explains

all that are NOT included in your project.
In other words, the scope of the project
gives an overview all the deliverables
(i.e. the things that your project
gives/delivers), and the tools and
technologies used that will be used in the
project development while the limitations
of the project are the boundaries of the
project (i.e. areas/things that are out of
scope).

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Chapter II Review of Related

Literature
A survey or review of related literature and
studies is very important because such reviews
literature and studies serve as a foundation of
the proposed study. This is because related
literature and studies guide the researcher in
pursuing his research venture.

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The following are the different ways on how the review of related
literature and studies help as a guide to the researcher:

They help or guide the researcher in

searching for or selecting a better research
problem or topic.
They help the investigator understand his
topic for research better.
They ensure that there will be no
duplication of other studies.

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They help and guide the researcher in

locating more sources of related information.
They help the researcher in making his
research design.
They help and guide the researcher in
making comparison between his findings
with the findings of other researchers on
similar studies with the end in view of
formulating generalizations or principles
which are the contributions of the study to
the fund of knowledge.

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Characteristics of Related Literature

and Studies

The surveyed materials must be as recent as

possible.
Materials reviewed must be objective and
unbiased.
Materials surveyed must be relevant to the
study.
Surveyed materials must have been based
upon genuinely original and true facts or data
to make them valid and reliable.
Reviewed materials must not be too few or
too many.

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Sources of Related Literature and

Studies

Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other

similar references
Articles published in journals, magazines,
periodicals, newspapers, and other
publications.
Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs,
speeches, letters, and diaries
Unpublished theses and dissertations

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The Constitution, and laws and statues of the

land
Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from
government offices and departments, especially
from the Office of the President of the Philippines
and the Department of Education
Records of schools, public and private, especially
reports of their activities
Official reports of all kinds, educational, social,
economic, scientific, technological, political, etc.
from the government and other entities
Articles from the Internet

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Where to locate related literature and

studies?

Libraries, either government, school or private

libraries
Government and private offices
The National Library
The Library of Education
The Internet

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Review of Related Literature

This portion of the proposal manuscript contains
presentations and discussions of the
following two (2) components:
1. Related Theories
2. Related Projects

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Guidelines in Writing the Review of

Related Systems
1.

Related Theories
1.
2.
3.
4.

2.

Related Projects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

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Outline first, starting off with an anchor theory

Supporting theories help elaborate the anchor theory
Endnoting and footnoting is important which follows
correct bibliography entry
Fluidity and continuity should be observed
Overview of the current system/project
Inventory of every related and existing projects/systems
Fluidity and continuity should be observed
Comparative matrix may be more appropriate
Screen shots help make the presentation believable
May consider 3 to 6 related studies/projects
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Chapter III Technical Background

Guidelines in Writing the Technical Background:
1. Overview of the current technologies
(hardware/software/network) used in the
current system
2. Discussions on the current trends and
technologies to be used in developing and
implementing the proposed system

HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
PEOPLEWARE
NETWORK

3. Fluidity
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and continuity should be observed

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Thank you

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