Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Compressor

Examples
Applied Thermodynamics & Heat Engines
S.Y. B. Tech.
ME0223 SEM - IV
Production Engineering
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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 1
A single-stage reciprocating compressor takes 1m3 of air per minute at 1.013 bar and
15 0C and delivers it at 7 bar. Assuming that the law of compression is PV1.35 = constant,
and the clearance is negligible, calculate the indicated power.
Mass of air delivered per min. :

P1 V1 (1.013 X 105 N / m 2 ) (1 m 3 )
m

1.226 kg / min
R T1
(0.287 kJ / kg.K ) (288 K )
Delivery Temperature :

P2

T2 T1
P1

n 1
n

7 bar

1.013 bar

(288 K )

1.35 1
1.35

425.2 K

Indicated Work :

n 1
1.35 1
m R (T2 T1 )
(1.226 kg / min) (0.287 kJ / kg.C ) (475.2 K 288 K )
n
1.35
254
254 kJ / min
4.23 kW .ANS
60

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 2
If the compressor in last example is driven at 300 rpm and is a single acting, singlecylinder machine, calculate the cylinder bore required, assuming a stoke to bore ration of
1.5:1.Calculate the power of the motor required to drive the compressor if the mechanical
efficiency of the compressor is 85 % and that of the motor transmission is 90%.
Volume dealt with per min. at inlet = 1 m3/min
Hence, Vol. drawn in per cycle = 1/300 = 0.00333 m3/cycle = Cylinder Volume

0.00333 X 4
D L 0.00333 D 2 (1.5 D) D 2
4
4
X 1.5
Thus, cylinder bore, D = 0.1414 m or 141.4 mm .ANS

4.23 kW
5.53 kW .ANS
Power input to the compressor =
0.85
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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 3
An air compressor takes in air at 1 bar and 20 C and compresses it according to law PV1.2
= C. It is then delivered to a receiver at a constant pressure of 10 bar. R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K.
Determine :
1.Temperature at the end of compression.
2.Work done and heat transferred during compression per kg of air.
Delivery Temperature :
3
2
n 1
1.2 1
P2
n
1.2
PV

1.2

Work done :
P1

V2

ME0223 SEM-IV

V1

P2

P1

T2 T1

10 bar

1bar

(293 K )

P
n 1
W
m R T1 1 2

n
P1

430 K 157 C

n 1
n

1.2 1
10

(1 kg / min) (0.287 kJ / kg.C ) (293 K ) 1

1.2
1

236 kJ / kg of air .ANS

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1.2 1
1.2

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 3.contd
Heat Transferred :

Q U W

P2

2
P V 1.2 C

P1

V2

ME0223 SEM-IV

V1

P V PV
CV (T2 T1 ) 2 2 1 1
n 1

R (T2 T1 )
CV (T2 T1 )
n 1
R

(T2 T1 ) CV
n 1

0.287

(430 293 K ) 0.718

1.2 1

(98.23) kJ / kg of air .ANS

Applied Thermodynamics & Heat Engines

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 4
Following data relate to a performance test of a single-acting 14 cm X 10 cm
reciprocating compressor:
Suction Pressure
=1 bar
Suction temperature
= 200 C
Discharge Pressure
= 6 bar
Discharge temperature = 180 0C
Speed of compressor = 1200 rpm
Shaft Power
= 6.25 kW
Mass of air delivered =1.7 kg/min
Calculate the following:
1. The actual volumetric efficiency.
2. The isothermal efficiency.
3. The overall isothermal efficiency.
P2

P1

1
V2

ME0223 SEM-IV

2
D L X N .for single-acting compressor
4

(0.14 m) 2 (0.1 m) X (1200 rpm) 1.8473 m 3 / min

4
m R T1 (1.7 kg ) (0.287 kJ / kg.K ) (293 K )
FAD

P1
1 X 105
Vd

PV n C

4. The indicated power.

5. The mechanical efficiency.

V1

1.4295 m 3 / min
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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 4.contd
vol

P2

FAD
1.4295 m 3 / min

X 100
X 100 77.38 % .ANS
3
Vd
1.8473 m / min

T2 P2

T1 P1
PV n C

n 1
n

n 1 ln T2 / T1
1
ln 453 / 293

1
n 1.32
n
ln ( P2 / P1 )
n
ln (6 / 1)

Indicated Power :

P1

P2
n 1

W
m R T1 1
1

n
P1

4
V2

ME0223 SEM-IV

V1

n 1
n

1.32 1 1.7

kg
/
sec
(
0
.
287
kJ
/
kg
.

C
)
(
293
K
)
1

1.32 60

5.346 kW .ANS
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1.32 1
1.32

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 4.contd
Isothermal Power :

P2

Wiso m R T1 ln
P1

P2

6 bar
1.7

kg / sec (0.287 kJ / kg.C ) (293 K ) ln

60

1 bar
4.269 kW

2
PV n C

P1

1
V2

V1

iso

Isothermal Power
4.269 kW
X 100
X 100 79.85 %
Indicated Power
5.346 kW
.ANS

mech
iso ( overall )

ME0223 SEM-IV

Indicated Power
5.364 kW
X 100
X 100 85.5 %
Shaft Power
6.25 kW
.ANS

Isothermal Power
4.269 kW
X 100
X 100 68.3 %
Shaft Power
6.25 kW
.ANS

Applied Thermodynamics & Heat Engines

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 5
A single-stage double-acing air compressor is required to deliver 14 m3 of air per min
measured at 1.013 bar and 15 OC. the delivery pressure is 7 bar and the speed 300 rpm.
Take the clearance volume as 5 % of swept volume with the compression and expansion
index of n = 1.3.
Calculate:
1. Swept volume of the cylinder
2. Indicated power
3. Delivery temperature.

P2
=7 bar

Swept Vol. Vs = V1 V3 = V1 Vc = V1 0.05 Vs

2

PV

P1 5
=1.013 bar
V3=Vc
= 0.05 Vs

1.3

4
V3

V4

Vol. induced per cycle = (V1 V4 )

14 m 3 / min
(V1 V4 )
0.0233 m 3 / cyc le
300 rpm X 2 sides

1
288 K

V1

Swept Volume, V1-V3=Vs

ME0223 SEM-IV

V1 = 1.05 Vs

V1 1.05 VS

and

V4 P2

V3 P1

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1
n

7 bar

1.013 bar

1
1.3

4.423

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 5.contd
V4 = 4.423 V3 = 4.423 X 1.05 Vs = 0.221 Vs

(V1 V4 ) = 1.05 Vs 0.221 Vs = 0.0233 m3

0.0233 m 3
0.0281 m 3.ANS
Swept Volume, VS
(1.05 0.221)
Delivery Temperature :

P2

T2 T1
P1

n 1
n

7 bar

1.013 bar

(288 K )

1.31
1.3

450 K .ANS

Indicated Power :

P
n 1
W
P1 V1 V4 1 2

n
P1

n 1
n

1.3 1 (1.013 X 10 N / m ) (14 m / min)

1.3
103 X 60
5

57.56 kW
ME0223 SEM-IV

7 bar
1

1.0132 bar

1.31
1.3

.ANS
Applied Thermodynamics & Heat Engines

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 6
A four-cylinder double-acting compressor is required to compress 30 m3 / min of air at 1
bar and 27 0C to a pressure of 16 bar. Determine the size of motor required and cylinder
dimensions if the following data is given :
Speed of compressor = 320 rpm.
Clearance volume = 4 %
Stroke : Bore ratio = 1.2
Mechanical Efficiency = 82 %
Index = 1.32
Assume no pressure change in suction valves and air gets heated by 12 0C during
n 1
suction stroke.

n 1
P

Net Work done : W

P1 V1 V4 1 2

n
P1

1.32 1 (1 X 10 N / m ) (30 m / min)

1.32
103 X 60
5

16 bar
1

1
bar

1.32 1
1.32

197.64 kW .ANS
Motor Power :
ME0223 SEM-IV

197.64 197.64

241 kW .ANS
mech
0.82

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 6.contd

P
P
T
1 k k 2 X inside . atm

P1
Patm Tinside

Vol. Efficiency : vol

1
n

16 bar

1 0.04 0.04

1 bar

Swept Vol.
per cylinder :

1
1.32

X (1bar ) . (273 27 K )

(1bar ) (273 39 K )

68.6 %

(30 m 3 / min)
1
1

.
.
0.01708 m 3
(4 cylinders) (2 sides ) (320 rpm) 0.686

D L 0.01708 D 2 (1.2 D)
4
4

D 0.263 m 263 mm .ANS

L 1.2 X 0.263 m 315.6 mm .ANS
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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 7
Air at 103 kPa and 27 0C is drawn in L.P. cylinder of a two-stage air compressor and is
isentropically compressed to 700 kPa. The air is then cooled at constant pressure at 37 0C
in an intercooler and is then again compressed isentropically to 4 MPa in the H.P.
cylinder, and is deliverer at this pressure. Determine the power required to run the
compressor if it has to deliver 30 m3 of air per hour measured at inlet conditions.
Mass of air delivered per min. :
3

P3
= 4 MPa

PV C

Temperature for compression process 1-2 :

H.P.
P2
= 700 kPa

2
L.P.

P1
= 103 kPa
Volume
ME0223 SEM-IV

P1 V1 (103 X 103 N / m 2 ) (30 m 3 / hr )

m

35.89 kg / hr
R T1
(0.287 kJ / kg .K ) (300 K )

P2

P1

T2 ' T1

700 kPa

103 kPa

(300 K )

1.4 1
1.4

518.7 K

1 Temperature for compression process 2-3 :

P3

P2

T3 T2

4 MPa

700 kPa

(310 K )

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1.4 1
1.4

510.1 K

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 7.contd
Work required to run the compressor :

1
W
m R (T2' T1 ) m R (T3 T2 )

m R (T2' T1 ) (T3 T2 )

1.4 1

(35.89 kg / hr ) (0.287 kJ / kg.C ) (518.7 K 300 K ) (510.1 K 310 K )

1.4
4.194 kW .ANS

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 8
A trial on a two-stage single-acting reciprocating compressor gave the following data :
Free air delivered
=6 m3/min
Delivery Pr.
= 40 bar
Atm. Pr. and Temp.
= 1 bar 27 C
Speed
= 400 rpm
Intermediate Pr.
= 6 bar
Temp. at inlet to 2nd stage = 27 C
Law of Compression =PV1.3 = C
Mechanical Efficiency
= 80 %
Stroke of L.P. = Stroke of H.P. = Diameter of L.P.
Assuming Vol. Efficiency of 100 %,

P3
= 40 bar

DL.P. X LL. P. X RPM 6 DL2. P. X DL. P. X 400

4
4
P V 1.3 C
DL. P. LL. P. 267.3 mm .ANS
H.P.

P2
= 6 bar

FAD

Swept Vol. of H.P. cylinder = Vol. of air at 6 bar, 27 C

2
L.P.
1

P1
= 1 bar
Volume
ME0223 SEM-IV

2
DH . P. X LH . P. X RPM
4
2
DH . P. X 0.2673 X 400
4
DH . P. 109 mm .ANS

1 m 3 / min

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 8.contd
Indicated Work :

P
n 1
W
P1 V1 2 2

n
P1

1.3 1

1.3

n 1
n

P
3
P2

n 1
n

...T T ...Perfect Intercooli ng

3
1

(1 X 10 N / m ) (6 m / min)

103 X 60

6 bar
2

1 bar

1.31
1.3

40 bar

6 bar

1.31
1.3

58.42 kW .ANS

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 9
A two-stage single-acting reciprocating air compressor takes in air at the rate of 0.2 m3/sec.
The intake pressure and temperature are 0.1 MPa and 16 C. The air is compressed to a
final pressure of 0.7 MPa. The intermediate pressure is ideal and intercooling is perfect.
The compression index in both stages is 1.25 and the compressor runs at 600 rpm.
Neglecting clearance, determine :
1.Intermediate Pr.
2. Total Vol. of each cylinder.
3. Power required to drive compressor
4. Rate of heat rejection in intercooler
Intermediate Pr., P2 : P2
Vol. of cylinder 1, Vs1 :

P1 P3 (0.1) (0.7) 0.2646 MPa ....Perfect Intercooli ng

VS 1 X

N
V1
60

Vol. of cylinder 2, Vs2 : P1 VS 1 P2 VS 2

.ANS

600
0.2 VS 1 0.02 m 3 .ANS
60
PV
X 1 S1
P2

VS 1 X
VS 2
VS 2

(0.1 MPa) (0.02 m 3 )

0.2646 MPa

VS 2 0.00756 m 3 .ANS
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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 9.contd

P
2n
P1 V1 1 3
Power Required : P

n 1
P1

2 X 1.25

1
.
25

n 1
2n

......Perfect Intercooli ng

(0.1 X 10 N / m ) (0,2 m / sec)

103

0.7 MPa
1

0
.
1
MPa

1.251
1.25

42.96 kW .ANS

P1 V1 (0.1X 106 N / m 2 ) (0.2 m 3 / sec)

Mass of air handled : m

0.241 kg / sec
R T1
(0.287 kJ / kg.K ) (289 K )
Delivery Temperature :

P2

T2 T1
P1

n 1
n

0.2646 MPa

(289 K )
0.1 MPa

1.25 1
1.25

351.1 K

Heat rejected in m C P T2 T1
Intercooler :

(0.241 kg / sec) (1.005 kJ / kg.K ) 351.1 K 289 K 15.4 kW.ANS

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Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 10
A two-stage air compressor with complete intercooling delivers air to the mains at a
pressure of 30 bar, the suction conditions being 1 bar and 15 0C. if both cylinders have same
stroke, find the ratio of cylinder diameter for the efficiency of compression to be maximum.
Assume index of compression to be 1.3.

P3

2
DL. P. L
V1
4
V2 D 2 L
H . P.
4

P V 1.3 C

DL. P.
V
1
DH . P.
V2

H.P.
P2
P1

5
6

2
L.P.

P V 1.3 C

2
1

Volume

ME0223 SEM-IV

1.3

1.3

P1 V1 P2 V2 '

For max. efficiency :

V
1
V2'

P
2
P1

1 / 1.3

P2 P1 P3 (1) (30) 5.48 bar

V1
1 / 1.3
5.48
3.7
V2'

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4 m / DA

Examples_Ch 2_Compressor

Example 10
P2

P1

Delivery Temperature : T2 ' T1

n 1
n

V2 V2 '

For Const. Pr. Process 2 2 :

T2
T2 '
V1
V1
V2 '

X
Thus, we get :
V2 V2 '
V2
DL.P.

Hence :
DH . P.

ME0223 SEM-IV

V1

V2

5.48 bar

(288 K )
1bar

1.31
1.3

426.4 K

V2' T2 ' 426.4 K

1.48
V2
T2
290 K

3.7 X 1.48 5.476

5.476 2.34 .ANS

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