CHLORIDE ION CORROSION

The aggression that chloride ion (Cl-) represents

for the steel is known, and also the risks that the
oxidation of the reinforced steel carries.
The strongly basic pH of concrete causes that a
passive layer is formed around the reinforcement.
And this protect the concrete against the
oxidation.
But this layer could be broken by the chlorides.
For this reason, is very important the concrete
cover that we use according to the exposure
classes.
We must control the ion chloride amount both the
project and the service life.

CHLORIDE ION CORROSION

The chloride corrosion process.

CHLORIDE CORROSION
ANALYSIS

Its important make a good report concerning the repair of

concrete corroded by the effect of chloride ions.
To do this we first try to find out what the source of ions.
Then do an inspection of the penetration of chlorides in the
concrete, in order to know the level of concentration which
has. In this way we can study the following concepts are
important:

Time chloride ions take to reach the steel.

The speed of propagation of chloride ions through the
concrete. It is important to know the shelf life that our
structure has.

According to the standards the chloride concentration

mustnt be bigger than 2.6g / 100g of cement.

CHLORIDE CORROSION
ANALYSIS

CHLORIDE CORROSION
ANALYSIS

STEP 1 Possible source of chloride: Salts for the

road security

STEP 2 Determination of present of chloride ion

and measurement:
Obtain concrete samples (20mg) with a drill.
Samples of different depths.
Study the chloride ions amount in the laboratory.

STEP 3 Study the results and think about the best

solution

CHLORIDE CORROSION
ANALYSIS
And by this way we obtain the values of chloride ions
measurements.

Now, we can do the outlines of chloride measurements for

each crack tested.

Study of possible corroded steel in the crack where we found

the highest values.
We can use the method of overage cell voltage measurement.

REPAIR METHODS
1. For the cracks with less chloride ions percent that
maximum value:
- Injecting cracks according to principle 4.5. of EN1504
2. For the cracks with higher chloride ions percent that
maximum value:
- Remplacing contaminated concrete according to
principle 7.2. of EN-1504
For both, increase the coating according to principle
7.1. of EN-1504.
The products and methods selected will be explained next.

INJECTING CRACKS
For the repair methods and products, we select a
guide of a Spanish company - SIKA
SIKA guide for injecting cracks in principle 4.5

INJECTING CRACKS
Requirements and concrete preparation:
The concrete slab must have at least 28 days.
The concrete surface must have a clean surface
around all the crack. And must be health, clean
and free of loose material.
If it was necessary clean the interior of the crack
with compressed air or water.

INJECTING CRACKS
First, apply the surface sealant.
Surface sealant:
We use the product of SIKA SIKADUR 31 HMG

Mix the products.

Put the nozzles along the cracks.
Seal the crack with SIKADUR 31 HMG.
Leave it hardening during 24h.
Verify that it is a open system injecting compressed air.

INJECTING CRACKS
Next, inject the product.
Sealing of crack :
We use the product of SIKA SIKADUR 52
Mix the product.
Inject at constant preassure.
Start injecting at the lowest point until the fluid brim in the
next nuzzle.
To finish, When the resin is hard, remove the surface
sealant and finish to seal the crack until the same altitude
as the concrete surface.

INJECTING CRACKS

COATING INCREASE
For the process of coating increase, we select a
guide of a Spanish company - SIKA
SIKA guide for injecting cracks in principle 7.1.

COATING INCREASE
Support preparation:
It must be clean and without friable material. If it
was necessary, it will be prepare with mechanic
methods.
Wetting the surface until saturation.
Product mix:
Mix it with water according to the consistency
that you want to achieve.
Mix during 2-3min.

COATING INCREASE
Application:
Apply the product manually or with mechanic
projection.
Its important take into account the working times,
and do the job and expansion boards.
Concrete curing:
It must be protected of sun, wind and freeze
during its hardening.
Avoid the formation of cracks with a good cured,
with water contributions.

COATING INCREASE

WORK TIME TABLE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Remove concrete
Clean Steel bars
Coating steel bars
Put new concrete
Prepare cracks
Clean surface
Aply the surface sealant
Injecting cracks
Clean surface
Wet surface
Aply the coating product
Cured
Paint the lines

24-48h
48h

24h
24h

48h

48h

WORK TIMES
WAITING TIMES

96h

TOTAL TIME
150h